| Return to sports |
| Bodkin et al., 2022 |
155 (80.73%) |
subjective function (KOOS, IKDC); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
self-reported |
| Faleide et al., 2021 |
43 (41.75%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor) |
self-reported |
| Ithurburn et al., 2019 |
70 (71.43%) |
subjective function (KOOS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
Tegner activity score |
| Jang et al., 2014 |
51 (76.12%) |
subjective function (IKDC, Lysholm score); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); co-contraction test; carioca test; shuttle run test; knee laxity measurement |
self-reported |
| Kim et al., 2022 |
67 (78.82%) |
subjective function (ACL-RSI, Cincinnati knee rating system, KOOS, Lysholm score, VAS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); knee laxity measurement |
Tegner activity score |
| Kitaguchi et al., 2020 |
101 (81.45%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI, NRS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); knee laxity measurement |
self-reported |
| Legnani et al., 2024 |
18 (54.55%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI) |
Tegner activity score |
| Moksnes et al., 2009 |
35 (70.00%) |
subjective function (KOS-ADLS, IKDC, VAS); knee laxity measurement |
criteria described by Hefti et al.,(1993) |
| Müller et al., 2015 |
31 (79.49%) |
subjective function (IKDC, TSK, ACL-RSI); isometric strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
criteria described by Hefti et al.,(1993) |
| Nawasreh et al., 2018 |
49 (61.25%) |
subjective function (KOS-ADLS, GRS); isometric strength (knee-extensor) |
self-reported |
| Niederer et al., 2024 |
40 (45.45%) |
subjective function (ACL-RSI, KOOS, TSK) |
self-reported + Tegner activity score |
| Niederer et al., 2025 |
104 (75.36%) |
subjective function (ACL-RSI, KOOS, TSK) |
self-reported + Tegner activity score |
| Novaretti et al., 2018 |
33 (56.90%) |
subjective function (IKDC, Lysholm score); isokinetic strength; postural stability analysis |
Tegner activity score |
| Ohji et al., 2024 |
39 (60.00%) |
subjective function (NRS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); knee laxity measurement; ROM deficit (knee flexion and extension) |
sefl-reported + PoSAP |
| Ohji et al., 2021a |
28 (63.64%) |
isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); knee laxity measurement; knee joint effusion (stroke test); ROM deficit (knee flexion and extension) |
sefl-reported + PoSAP |
| Ohji et al., 2021b |
43 (58.90%) |
subjective function (TSK); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
sefl-reported + PoSAP |
| Senorski et al., 2017 |
52 (33.12%) |
subjective function (KOOS, K-SES, PAS); isotonic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
Tegner activity score |
| Toole et al., 2017 |
76 (66.09%) |
subjective function (IKDC); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
Tegner activity score |
| Ueda et al., 2022 |
95 (65.97%) |
subjective function (IKDC); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); knee laxity measurement |
self-reported |
| Webster et al., 2017 |
609 (25.23%) |
subjective function (IKDC, SANE); ROM deficit (knee flexion); knee laxity measurement |
self-reported |
| Webster et al., 2018 |
569 (39.51%) |
subjective function (IKDC); knee laxity measurement |
Cincinnati Sports Activity Scale |
| Webster et al., 2019b |
135 (60.81%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI); ROM deficit (knee flexion and extension); knee laxity measurement |
self-reported |
| Webster et al., 2020 |
163 (40.45%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor) |
Marx Activity Rating Scale |
| Welling et al., 2020 |
46 (71.88%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor); Landing Error Scoring System |
self-reported |
| Reinjury |
| Bodkin et al., 2022 |
44 (28.39%) |
subjective function (KOOS, IKDC); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
self-reported |
| Cristiani et al., 2022 |
252 (4.67%) |
isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
medical records |
| Cristiani et al., 2025 |
170 (9.01%) |
isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); ROM deficit (knee extension); knee laxity measurement |
medical records |
| Fältström et al., 2023 |
28 (23.93%) |
star excursion balance test |
medical records |
| Figueroa et al., 2025 |
13 (13.68%) |
repeat sprint ability; proagility test; functional movement screen |
MRI |
| Girdwood et al., 2024 |
33 (28.21%) |
subjective function (KOOS) |
self-reported |
| Grindem et al., 2016 |
24 (24.00%) |
subjective function (KOOS, GRS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor) |
medical records |
| Ithurburn et al., 2019 |
26 (27.08%) |
subjective function (KOOS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
NR |
| Kew et al., 2022 |
28 (28.00%) |
subjective function (KOOS, IKDC, TSK); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
self-reported |
| King et al., 2021 |
55 (47.83%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
MRI |
| Kyritsis et al., 2016 |
26 (16.46%) |
isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor); running t test |
medical records |
| Marigi et al., 2023 |
59 (17.15%) |
isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
medical records |
| Marty-Diloy et al., 2025 |
27 (9.44%) |
subjective function (IKDC, ACL-RSI); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
self-reported |
| Nyland et al., 2025 |
17 (8.33%) |
subjective function (KOOS, GRS); knee laxity measurement |
NR |
| Paterno et al., 2022 |
35 (22.01%) |
subjective function (IKDC); isometric strength (knee-extensor) |
MRI |
| Paterno et al., 2025 |
20 (39.22%) |
subjective function (IKDC, KOOS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
MRI |
| Piussi et al., 2023 |
51 (12.17%) |
subjective function (ACL-RSI, KOOS); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
NR |
| Simonsson et al., 2024 |
196 (84, 12%) |
isotonic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
self-reported |
| van Melick et al., 2022 |
7 (7.22%) |
subjective function (KOOS, K-SES); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor, hip-abductor); Landing Error Scoring System |
self-reported |
| Webster et al., 2019a |
95 (28.88%) |
subjective function (IKDC); ROM deficit (knee flexion and extension); knee laxity measurement |
self-reported |
| Zsidai et al., 2026 |
40 (11.63%) |
subjective function (KOOS, ACL-RSI, K-SES); isokinetic strength (knee-extensor and -flexor) |
medical records |
