Table 11. Force/torque during shortening phase.

First author, year	Force/torque during shortening phase in a SSC	Contraction modalities (Conclusion of the article)
Blanpied, 1995	The average concentric force during shortening is higher for 50°/s stretch compared to 150°/s stretch	Dependent on stretch velocity
Fukutani, 2015a	After 1/4 of shortening: 329%, 1/2 of shortening 159% and ¾ of shortening 125% higher compared to pure shortening contraction.
Fukutani, 2015b	Joint torque is increased at any time during the shortening phase for the angular velocity of 150°/s compared to 30°/s.	Dependent on angular velocity
Fukutani, 2016	Joint torque is only increased in the early phase of the concentric contraction in the SSC condition compared to a pure shortening condition.	Pre-activation plays an important role in torque enhancement.
Fukutani; 2017	Joint torque is increased at any time during the shortening phase compared to pure shortening contraction. Compared to a SSC with a delay between stretch and shortening, torque is only increased in the early phase of shortening.	Elastic energy plays an important role in torque enhancement.
Svantesson, 2014	75% -166% higher compared to pure shortening contraction (measurement of torque near to the middle of the shortening phase)	Dependent on angular velocity
Svantesson, 2015	30% -170% higher compared to pure shortening contraction (measurement of torque near to the middle of the shortening phase)	Dependent on angular velocity and sex, no influence of age