Research article - (2011)10, 175 - 183
The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Aerobic Capacity and Endurance Performance in Cyclists
Milosz Czuba1,, Zbigniew Waskiewicz2, Adam Zajac1, Stanislaw Poprzecki3, Jaroslaw Cholewa1, Robert Roczniok4
1Department of Sports Training,
2Department of Team Sport Games,
3Department of Biochemistry,
4Department of Statistics and Methodology, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland

Milosz Czuba
✉ Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-064 Katowice, Mikolowska 72A, Poland
Email: m.czuba@awf.katowice.pl
Received: 17-09-2010 -- Accepted: 20-12-2010
Published (online): 01-03-2011

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) with 95 % of lactate threshold workload (WRLT) on aerobic capacity and endurance performance in well-trained cyclists. Twenty male elite cyclists, randomly divided into a hypoxia (H) group (n=10; age 22 ± 2.7years; VO2max 67.8 ± 2.5 ml·kg-1·min-1; body height (BH) 1.78 ± 0.05 m; body mass (BM) 66.7 ± 5.4kg; fat free mass (FFM) 59.3 ± 5.1kg; fat content (FAT%) 11.3 ± 2.1%), and a control (C) group (n = 10; age 23.5 ± 3. 5years; VO2max 67.7 ± 2.0 ml·kg-1·min-1; BH 1.79 ± 3.2 m; BM 69.2 ± 5.5 kg; FFM 63.6 ± 4.8 kg; FAT% 7.9 ± 1.94 %) took part in the research project. The training program used during the experiment was the same for the both groups. For three weeks, the subjects in H group performed 3 training sessions per week in normobaric hypoxia environment (IHT - O2 = 15. 2%). During the elemental core of the IHT session, the intensity was set at 95% WRLT for 30-min in 1st microcycle, 35-min in 2nd microcycle and 40-min in 3rd microcycle. The same training procedure was provided in C group, yet the intensity of the main sessions were set at 100% WRLT in the normoxia environment. The results indicate a significant (p < 0.05) increase in VO2max,VO2LT, WRmax, WRLT and change in lactate concentration (∆LA) during incremental test in H group. Also a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in time of the time trial was seen, associated with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in average generated power (Pavg) and average speed (Vavg) during the time trial. The intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) applied in this research did not significantly affect the hematological variables considered: number of erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and haematocrit value (HCT). Significant blood value increases (p < 0.05) were only observed in MCV in H group. This data suggests that intermittent hypoxic training at lactate threshold intensity and medium duration (30-40min) is an effective training means for improving aerobic capacity and endurance performance at sea level.

Key words: Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), hypoxia, aerobic capacity, endurance performance, cycling

Key Points
  • The efficacy of the intermittent hypoxic training is mostly dependent on volume and intensity of exercise in the hypoxic environment.
  • The observed results suggests that intermittent hypoxic training at lactate threshold intensity and medium duration (30-40min) is an effective training means for improving aerobic capacity and endurance performance at sea level.








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