Research article - (2013)12, 707 - 715
Impact of the S.W.E.A.T.™ Water-Exercise Method on Activities of Daily Living for Older Women
Mary E. Sanders1, Nobuo Takeshima2, Michael E. Rogers3,, Juan C. Colado,4, Sebastien Borreani4
1School of Medicine, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
2Department of Health Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
3Department of Human Performance Studies, Center for Physical Activity and Aging, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
4Research Group in Sport and Health, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

Michael E. Rogers
✉ Department of Human Performance Studies and Center for Physical Activity and Aging, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
Email: michael.rogers@wichita.edu
Received: 10-01-2013 -- Accepted: 21-09-2013
Published (online): 01-12-2013

ABSTRACT

Older women may have chronic or age-related conditions that increase the risk of falls or that limit their ability to remain active. It is unclear if a water-based exercise program provides a safe and effective alternative to land-based exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a water-based exercise program method on land-based functional activities of daily living (ADL) for women 60 years and older. This study used a quasi- experimental, nonequivalent control group design. Sixty-six women (60-89 yr of age) self- selected to a water exercise (WEX) group (n = 48) or control (C) group (n = 18). The training consisted of a 16-week (45 min·day-1, 3 d·wk-1) supervised WEX program that included 10 min of warm-up and warm down/stretching and 35 min training using the S.W.E.A.T.™ method in shallow water 1.0-1.2 m, with water temperature approximately 28-29°C. Participants were required to attendat least 94% of the sessions. Assessments for participants included ADL functional field tests. In comparison to the C group, WEX participantsimproved (p < 0.05) flexibility (8%), sit- to-stand (31%), walking speed (16%) and stride length (10%), agility (20%), stair climb (22%), arm curl (39%), and static (42-48%) balance, but not dynamic balance. Results indicate that the S.W.E.A.T.™ method applied to this water exercise program provides a well-rounded, safe, and effective exercise program where older women can improve functional ADL and static balance.

Key words: Functional ADL, water/aquatic exercise, older women

Key Points
  • Older women with a variety of health conditions participated in 16 weeks of exercise (92% adherence) with no injuries.
  • The S.W.E.A.T.™ method applied to this water-based program was found to significantly improve several aspects of physical function, including postural balance.
  • This shallow water program provided a well-rounded, safe and effective activity for women to improve functional ADL on land.








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