Research article - (2015)14, 163 - 171
A Multilevel Latent Growth Modelling of the Longitudinal Changes in Motivation Regulations in Physical Education
Timo Jaakkola1,, John Wang2, Sami Yli-Piipari3, Jarmo Liukkonen1
1University of Jyväskylä Department of Sport Sciences, Finland
2Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, Physical Education & Sport Science, Singapore and Tianjin University of Sport, China
3College of Education, Health and Human Sciences Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Memphis, USA

Timo Jaakkola
✉ University of Jyväskylä, Department of Sport Sciences, Rautpohjankatu 8, P.O. Box 35 (Viv), 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Email: timo.jaakkola@jyu.fi
Received: 25-08-2014 -- Accepted: 24-11-2014
Published (online): 01-03-2015

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine individual- and classroom-level differences in the longitudinal change in motivational regulations during physical education students’ transition from elementary (Grade 6) across middle school (Grades 7 to 9). A sample of 757 Finnish adolescents (M = 12.71, SD = 0.23) participated in this study. Participants of the study responded to questionnaires collected six times. A multilevel latent growth modelling approach was used to analyze the data. Results showed that motivational regulations in physical education developed at different rates during middle school. More specifically, students’: (a) identified regulation increased across Grades 6 to 9; (b) amotivation increased during middle school transition from Grade 6 to 7; and (c) introjected regulation declined from Grade 8 to 9. Other motivational regulations remained stable across time. The changes in amotivation and introjected regulation were largely due to individual factors, whereas the changes in identified regulation were due to environmental factors.

Key words: Self-determination theory, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, multilevel latent growth modeling

Key Points
  • Students’ identified regulation increased across Grades 6 to 9.
  • Students’ amotivation increased across middle school transition from Grade 6 to 7.
  • Students’ introjected regulation declined from Grade 8 to 9.
  • Other motivational regulations remained stable across time.








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