Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is classified as a combination of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and postmenopausal women are specifically at an increased risk for MetS, in part due to the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur at the menopause transition. It is crucial to combat the components of MetS with appropriate lifestyle interventions in this population, such as exercise. This study aimed to examine the effects of a resistance band exercise training program in obese postmenopausal women with MetS. A total 35 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either a control group (CON, n = 17) or a resistance band exercise training group (EX, n = 18). Participants in the EX group trained 3days/week. Levels of blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipid profile, anthropometrics, and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and after the exercise intervention. There were significant group by time interactions (p < 0.05) for blood glucose (∆-4.5 mg/dl), insulin (∆ -1.3 μU/ml), HOMA-IR (∆ -0.6), triglycerides (∆ -9.4 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(∆ -10.8 mg/dl), systolic BP(∆ -3.4 mmHg), body fat percentage (∆ -3.0 %), and waist circumference (∆ -3.4 cm), which significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and lean body mass (∆ 0.7 kg) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (∆ 5.1 mg/dl), which significantly increased (p < 0.05) after EX compared to no change in CON. The present study indicates that resistance band exercise training may be an effective therapeutic intervention to combat the components of MetS in this population, potentially reducing the risk for the development of CVD.