Research article - (2023)22, 235 - 244
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2023.235
How Do Fitness Club Members Differentiate in Background Characteristics, Exercise Motivation, and Social Support? A Cross-Sectional Study
Christina Gjestvang, Elene Mauseth Tangen, Miriam Basma Arntzen, Lene A. H. Haakstad
Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway

Christina Gjestvang
✉ Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion 0806 Oslo, Norway
Email: christina.gjestvang@nih.no
Received: 24-01-2023 -- Accepted: 03-04-2023
Published (online): 01-06-2023

ABSTRACT

Fitness clubs are one of the largest exercise arenas worldwide. Still, membership withdrawal and exercise dropout rates are 40-65% in the first six months. One important approach to retaining members may be to create an environment that feels inclusive, and clusters members with mutual needs and interests. Increased knowledge in this field can provide valuable information that leads to more effective exercise promotion strategies and better retention rates, important to the long-term success of the gym and public health. Thus, we aimed to compare background factors, motivation, and social support between members of multipurpose (wide range of exercise concepts/facilities, middle to high membership fee), fitness-only (low membership fee), and boutique (one or two specialized exercise concepts, high membership fee) fitness clubs. A total of 232 members from multipurpose (n = 107), fitness-only (n = 52), and boutique gyms (n = 73) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data included background variables (age, gender, body weight and height, smoking, total household income, occupation, education, and general health), exercise behaviour, exercise motivation, and social support. A one-way between-group ANOVA with Bonferroni correction or a chi-square test was used as appropriate. Multipurpose and fitness-only members were older (mean diff: 9.1 years, p = <0.001) and exercised less (mean diff: 1-1.2 sessions/week, p = <0.001) than members from boutique clubs. Compared with multipurpose and fitness-only members, members from boutique clubs reported the highest autonomous motivation (intrinsic regulation: mean diff: 0.3, p = 0.030), and perceived greater social support from family/friends (mean diff: 6.4 to 6.6, p = <0.001). Boutique members were younger, exercised more, and reported higher autonomous motivation and social support than multipurpose and fitness-only members. Our results suggest that exercise enjoyment and a social community, the “philosophy” of boutique gyms, may be important for regular exercise.

Key words: Exercise behavior, fitness club industry, physical activity, public health

Key Points
  • One important approach to retaining members in fitness clubs, one of the largest exercise arenas worldwide, may be to cluster members with mutual needs and interests. However, there is little research in this field.
  • We compared background factors, exercise motivation, and social support in 232 members of multipurpose (wide range of exercise concepts/facilities, middle to high membership fee), fitness-only (low membership fee), and boutique (one or two specialized exercise concepts, high membership fee) fitness clubs.
  • We found that boutique members were younger, exercised more, and reported higher autonomous motivation and social support than multipurpose and fitness-only members.
  • One primary take-home message from this study is that fitness clubs focusing on cohesion and a social community might have more active and motivated members, contributing to enhanced public health.








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