Research article - (2023)22, 388 - 395
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2023.389
Comparison of Isolated or Combined Static Stretching and Foam Rolling on Knee Extensors’ Function
Kazuki Kasahara1, Andreas Konrad2, Riku Yoshida1, Yuta Murakami1, Shigeru Sato1, Ryoma Koizumi3, David G Behm4, Masatoshi Nakamura5,
1Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
2Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
3Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
4School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
5Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan

Masatoshi Nakamura
✉ Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan
Email: nakamuramas@nisikyu-u.ac.jp
Received: 27-03-2023 -- Accepted: 08-06-2023
Published (online): 01-09-2023

ABSTRACT

Static stretching (SS), foam rolling (FR), and a combination of both are used as warm-ups for sports and training. However, no reports have compared or examined the warm-up effects of short-term interventions (i.e., 30-s). Therefore, this study was designed to compare and examine the effects of short-term SS, FR, and SS+FR on knee extensors. The dominant knee extensors of 14 male university students (22.0 ± 1.3 years old) were tested. Five conditions were randomized: 60-s SS, 60-s FR, 30-s SS+ 30-s FR, 30-s SS, and 30-s FR to examine differences in intervention method, duration, and combined. The measures were knee flexion range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, maximum voluntary contraction-isometric (MVC-ISO), and MVC-concentric (MVC-CON) torques, measured before and after the intervention. Knee flexion ROM (d = 0.40, d = 0.59, d = 0.54, d = 0.59, d = 0.52 respectively) and PPT (d = 0.77, d = 0.60, d = 0.90, d = 0.74, d = 0.52, respectively) were significantly increased (p < 0.01), and tissue hardness (d = -0.79, d = -0.63, d = -0.53, d = -0.59, d = -0.72, respectively) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in all conditions. However, MVC-ISO decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the 60-s SS and 30-s SS conditions but did not affect MVC-CON in all conditions. The results of this study revealed that SS, FR, and SS+FR interventions for a short-term as a warm-up before exercise were effective in increasing ROM, PPT, and decreasing tissue hardness. However, SS intervention with more than 30-s on the knee extensors decreased muscle strength, so short-term FR intervention is recommended when the goal is to increase ROM while maintaining both MVC-ISO and MVC-CON torques. Similarly, a short-term FR intervention after a short-term SS can eliminate the effect of strength impairments.

Key words: Warm-up, flexibility, range of motion, muscle strength

Key Points
  • We investigated the compare and examine the effects of short-term static stretching (SS), foam rolling (FR), and SS+FR on knee extensors.
  • Five conditions were randomized: 60-s SS, 60-s FR, 30-s SS+ 30-s FR, 30-s SS, and 30-s FR to examine differences in intervention method, duration, and combined.
  • The measures were knee flexion range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, maximum voluntary contraction-isometric (MVC-ISO), and MVC-concentric (MVC-CON) torques, measured before and after the intervention.
  • Short-term FR intervention is recommended when the goal is to increase ROM while maintaining MVC-ISO and MVC-CON torques.
  • Similarly, a short-term FR intervention after a short-term SS can eliminate the effect of MVC-ISO torque impairments.








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