JSSM- 2007, VOL.6, SUPPLEMENTUM 10

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Supplementum 10

Published (Online)

01 February 2007

P-041 Efficacy of rehabilitation in soccer players undergoing ACL repair using hamstring tendon grafting

Gürsoy Coskun¹, Zafer Erden¹, Filiz Can¹, Özlem Öner Coskun² and Reha Tandoğan³
¹Hacettepe University School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation , ²Middle East Technical University Medical Center Physical Treatment and Rehabilitation, ³Baskent University Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology

OBJECTIVE Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is a frequent knee injury problem. Recently, hamstring tendon grafting has had a very widely usage among orthopaedic surgeons due to its advantages. The main goals of rehabilita-tion for ACL injuries are to improve power, endurance and flexibility deficiencies, and re-establish functions by ensur-ing a safe return to pre-injury level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a rehabilitation pro-gram applied to soccer players undergoing ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafting.

METHODS 16 soccer players undergoing ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafting participated in this study. Soccer player's pain (VAS), range of motion, edema and function (Lysholm-II), were evaluated in the first and twelfth weeks. Soccer players underwent a 12-week rehabilitation program (cold application, electrotherapy agents, exercise- proprioception training, and manual therapy) for 5 days per week

RESULTS Physical therapy and rehabilitation resulted in a significant reduction in pain severity and knee edema, ROM and improvement in function (p<0.05). Lsyholm-II score consisting of claudication, support, deadlock, instabil-ity, pain, edema, stair climbing and squating dimensions were increased from a pre-treatment value of 16.87 (9.94) to a post-treatment value of 92.12 (8.42) (z=-3.51, p<0.05).

DISCUSSION This study showed that rehabilitation applied after a successful surgery of ACL with hamstring tendon grafting had an important role in restoration of joint functions and improvement of function in soccer players. Further research is needed for computing the effects of other treatments for the discussion of the findings.

KEY WORDS Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury, soccer, physical therapy and rehabilitation.

P-042 Relationship of daily changes in salivary secretory immunoglobulin a and appearance of upper respiratory symptoms during soccer training

OBJECTIVE It is well known that highly trained athletes suffer from a high incidence of upper respiratory tract infec-tions (URTI). Secretary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is major effectors of mucosal surface protection against micro or-ganisms causing URTI. Although several studies have investigated the relationship between falls in SIgA levels and appearance of URTI symptoms, the relationship is not yet clear. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether changes in mucosal immunity were associated with appearance of URTI symptoms in collegiate soccer players.

METHODS Salivary SIgA levels were measured, and the relationship between daily changes of SIgA in the non-infection period and at the time of appearance of URTI symptoms was examined.

RESULTS Five of 12 subjects exhibited URTI symptoms during the study period. The SIgA level did not significantly decrease before appearance of URTI symptoms. However, the saliva flow rate decreased significantly 3 days before the appearance of URTI symptoms compared to that in the non-infection period (p < 0.05). The SIgA secretion rate 3 days before appearance of URTI symptoms also tended to decrease.

DISCUSSION This study did not show a significant relationship between falls in salivary SIgA levels and appearance of URTI symptoms. However, the saliva flow rate was significantly decreased and the SIgA secretion rate tended to decrease at 3 days before appearance of URTI symptoms compared to the non-infection period. Therefore, monitoring mucosal immunity may be useful to assess the risk of URTI.

P-043 Effects of leisure exercise on blood paraoxonase and arylestarese activities and relationship with paraoxonase 1-192 polimorphism

Faruk Turgay¹, Hüray Islekel² and Halil Halil³
¹Sports Medicine Center, Turkish Youth and Sports Organization, Izmir, Turkey, ²DEU Medical Faculty Biochemistry Depart Izmir, Turkey, ³Izmir Tepecik Hospital Cardiology Depart Izmir, Turkey

OBJECTIVE Aerobic exercise is well known to have beneficial effects on classical risk factors of atherosclerosis as blood lipid and lipoproteins. However, the relationships of leisure-time aerobic jogging and basically anaerobic soccer exercises with blood paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase activities (AE) and PON1-192 polymorphism (PON1P) which are regarded as new risk factors have not been fully investigated. This study was designed to determine the interactions or the effects of jogging and soccer training on new risk factors as PON1, AE and PON1P.

METHODS The males aged 40-55 participated in the study. The two leisure-time exercise groups were selected from joggers (JG, n=20) and soccer players (SG, n=20) who had trained since many years regularly and the control group (CG, n=20) consisted of sedentary persons. Serum basal PON1, salt-stimulated PON1 (SSPON1) and AE were analysed by kinetic methods, determined some blood lipids and lipoproteins.

RESULTS Phenotype subgroups of PON1P were determined using SSPON1 / AE ratio. The best lipid profile was that of JG in three groups. No significant differences were obtained for PON1 and AE between JG, SG with CG (p>0.05). The improving effect of exercise on HDL-C was significantly better in R carriers (QR+RR) as compared to the QQ phenotype (p<0,05).

DISCUSSION There was no effect of exercise on blood AE. But the exercise led to increase in PON1 activity in QQ phenotype, in contrast to a decrease in R carriers (p<0,05). These findings were probably due to an interaction between exercise and PON1-192 polymorphism.

KEY WORDS Leisure-time exercise, paraoxonase, arylesterase, Paraoxonase1-192 Polimorphism, blood lipids and lipiproteins.

P-044 Relationship between potassium and free radicals in a soccer competition half-season

Metin Dalip , Zoran Handziski, Slobodan Nikolic and Eli Handziska
Institute of Physiology and Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty-Skopje, St Kiril and Metodij, Republic of Macedonia

OBJECTIVE The blood levels of potassium and free radicals could be connected with the intensity and volume of training process. On the other side, some studies showed that their changes could be one of the indicators of overreach-ing or overtraining. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between plasma levels of potassium and free radicals during a half season soccer competition.

METHODS The professional soccer players (30) from a football club were recruited in this study. A half competition season of 6 months were divided in three periods when the measurements were conducted in three points: the week at the beginning of conditioning phase, the week of tapering before competition phase and the week after the competition phase.

RESULTS There were significant differences of plasma levels of potassium and free radicals between three periods of training process during the competition half-season. At the same time, there were some significant correlations between plasma levels of potassium and free radicals.

DISCUSSION These findings indicated that elevated plasma levels of potassium and free radical at the end of competi-tion phase were maybe connected with fatigue. On the other side, these changes could mean dysadaptation. Without relevant performance tests and their relationships with these changes, possible overreaching or overtraining was uncer-tain and unconfirmed.

P-045 Laboratory and on the field follow up of training process of professional soccer players using blood lactates

Zoran Handziski , Metin Dalip, Slobodan Nikolic and Eli Handziska
Institute of Physiology and Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty-Skopje, St Kiril and Metodij, Republic of Macedonia.

OBJECTIVE The following up of improvement of training process with determination of lactate curve and anaerobic threshold is known, but there aren't enough data about using blood lactates during the specific designed soccer training on the field, in different phases of training process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood lactates on the filed during specific designed high aerobic productive and intermittent soccer training in different phases of training process and correlate them with blood lactates on each stage of maximal treadmill exercise test.

METHODS The professional soccer players (30) from a football club were recruited in this study. One half competi-tion season of 6 months were divided in three periods when the measurements were conducted in three points: the week at the beginning of conditioning phase, the week of tapering before competition phase and the week after the competi-tion phase

RESULTS There were significant differences of plasma lactate levels between three periods in laboratory and on the field. There were significant correlations between plasma lactate levels in laboratory and on the field.

DISCUSSION The findings suggested that the training process for the next season would be necessary to be redes-igned. The construction of high aerobic productive specific soccer training could be changed according to the findings of plasma lactate levels on the field. The findings of plasma lactate levels in laboratory showed some signs of depleti-tion of glycogen storage.