| 1. I’ve been thinking about exercise is difficult and too tiring. |
2.55 |
1.32 |
3.28 |
1.54 |
2.36 |
1.18 |
0.000* |
| 2. I have never energy as much as to able to do exercise |
3.41 |
1.01 |
3.73 |
0.98 |
3.32 |
1.00 |
0.009* |
| Lack of energy score |
5.95 |
1.98 |
7.00 |
2.17 |
5.68 |
1.84 |
0.000* |
| 3. I’ve been thinking about other recreational activities with my friends are more entertaining than exercise. |
2.83 |
1.20 |
3.20 |
1.21 |
2.73 |
1.18 |
0.023* |
| 4. I have not been thinking about exercise has positive effects on my health. |
2.29 |
0.88 |
2.68 |
0.84 |
2.19 |
0.86 |
0.000* |
| Lack of motivation score |
5.13 |
1.66 |
5.88 |
1.76 |
4.93 |
1.58 |
0.002* |
| 5. I’ve been worried about my looks when I exercise |
2.06 |
1.19 |
2.22 |
1.31 |
2.02 |
1.16 |
0.380 |
| 6. I have not been thinking about my ability to exercise. |
1.62 |
0.91 |
2.02 |
1.13 |
1.52 |
0.81 |
0.002* |
| Lack of self-confidence score |
3.68 |
1.63 |
4.24 |
2.11 |
3.56 |
1.45 |
0.061 |
| Sum of perceived internal barriers score |
14.79 |
4.16 |
17.13 |
5.13 |
14.19 |
3.66 |
0.001* |
| 7. There is no fitness center that I could get to. |
2.52 |
1.23 |
2.37 |
0.98 |
2.56 |
1.29 |
0.654 |
| 8. I have no exercise equipment at home that I use. |
2.52 |
1.23 |
2.37 |
0.98 |
2.56 |
1.29 |
0.654 |
| Lack of resource score |
5.05 |
2.47 |
4.75 |
1.96 |
5.12 |
2.58 |
0.654 |
| 9. My family or friends do not encourage me to exercise. |
2.36 |
1.14 |
2.68 |
1.12 |
2.27 |
1.13 |
0.023* |
| 10. My parents give academic success priority over exercise. |
3.65 |
1.16 |
3.66 |
1.24 |
3.65 |
1.15 |
0.851 |
| Lack of support |
6.01 |
1.67 |
6.35 |
1.70 |
5.92 |
1.66 |
0.097 |
| 11. I have no leisure time for exercise because of my busy lesson schedule |
3.76 |
0.92 |
3.84 |
0.79 |
3.74 |
0.95 |
0.658 |
| 12. I have no leisure time for exercise because of my social and family responsibilities. |
3.49 |
0.98 |
3.75 |
0.82 |
3.43 |
1.01 |
0.040* |
| Lack of time |
7.26 |
1.69 |
7.60 |
1.30 |
7.17 |
1.77 |
0.133 |
| Sum of perceived external barriers score |
18.32 |
4.22 |
18.71 |
3.20 |
18.22 |
4.45 |
0.244 |