Table 1. Mean (±SD) torque (Nm) generated at the back and the front foot and variation with handicap, club and shoe type. |
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Golfers’ handicap |
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|
Shoe |
Low (1) |
Medium (2) |
High (3) |
| Driver |
Back foot |
Metal spike |
18.2 (3.1) 2,3 |
15.5 (4.7) 1 |
14.2 (7.4) 1 |
|
|
Alternative |
15.8 (3.7) 2,3 |
13.2 (3.1) 1 |
11.0 (4.4) 1 |
|
|
Flat sole |
14.4 (2.4) 2,3 |
11.6 (4.0) 1 |
11.9 (5.6)1 |
|
Front foot |
Metal spike |
42.1 (11.0) |
40.0 (8.4) |
40.4 (9.1) |
|
|
Alternative |
42.4 (8.3) |
42.0 (6.9) |
43.5 (5.9) |
|
|
Flat sole |
38.9 (8.5) |
40.0 (6.9) |
40.9 (7.1) |
| 3-iron |
Back foot |
Metal spike |
12.6 (4.4) |
10.9 (2.8) |
12.7 (7.8) |
|
|
Alternative |
11.4 (3.5) |
13.6 (6.0) |
11.6 (4.6) |
|
|
Flat sole |
12.4 (4.8) |
12.1 (3.0) |
10.4 (2.2) |
|
Front foot |
Metal spike |
43.4 (8.9) |
38.9 (5.3) |
40.8 (9.1) |
|
|
Alternative |
36.3 (4.5) |
37.8 (2.7) |
38.7 (8.2) |
|
|
Flat sole |
40.3 (2.9) |
37.8 (6.3) |
37.3 (7.6) |
| 7-iron |
Back foot |
Metal spike |
12.6 (2.9) |
9.8 (3.4) |
9.5 (4.1) |
|
|
Alternative |
13.1 (4.1) |
10.7 (3.7) |
12.7 (4.2) |
|
|
Flat sole |
12.4 (2.3) |
9.9 (2.6) |
10.3 (3.9) |
|
Front foot |
Metal spike |
41.8 (9.3) |
40.0 (6.5) |
44.8 (10.0) |
|
|
Alternative |
40.0 (9.3) |
37.1 (6.0) |
41.1 (10.7) |
|
|
Flat sole |
39.1 (8.2) |
36.3 (4.4) |
42.7 (10.0) |
|
Superscripts indicate significant difference between handicaps for variable (p < 0.05). |
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