Table 2.
Gender effects on leg stiffness parameters for different hopping conditions. Values are means (± SD).
Preferred Hopping
Fastest Hopping
Added Mass Hopping
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Frequency (Hz)
2.07 (.18)
2.21 (.31)
4.19 (.65)
4.13 (.49)
2.04 (.23)
2.36 (.48)
Ground contact time (ms)
299 (46)
273 (33)
191 (27)
187 (18)
313 (41)
286 (35)
COM displacement (m)
11.5 (2.0)
9.80 (3.0)
2.70 (1.0)
2.90 (2.0)
12.7 (4.0)
9.6 (4.0)
Peak Force (N)
1986 (543)
2642 (483)*
1656 (263)
2033 (399)*
2038 (490)
2602 (485)**
Corrected Peak Force (N·kg
-1
)
34.0 (14.6)
33.9 (13.7)
27.7 (10.6)
25.5 (9.3)
34.1 (14..9)
33.4 (12..2)
Leg stiffness (kN·m
-1
)
18.3 (6.1)
29.9 (9.9)**
66.3 (21.2)
73.9 (22.5)
17.2 (6.2)
31.3 (9.9)**
* and ** denote significant (p < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) gender effect by repeated measurements ANOVA with post-hoc test. COM= Center of Mass.