Table 2 Habitual physical activity and dietary intake. Values are mean (±SD), or median (range) for non–normally distributed data. |
|
KF† Group |
Control Group |
|
|
Time effect |
Group x time
interaction |
| Characteristic |
Baseline
n=12 |
Follow–up
n=11 |
Baseline
n=8 |
Follow–up
n=8 |
Mean difference (95% CI‡) |
ESg |
p |
p |
| abitual physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MVPA|| |
2.5 (1.9) |
2.9 (1.7) |
2.9 (1.9) |
3.8 (1.3) |
–.41
(–2.28–1.47) |
–.20 |
.40 |
.63 |
| Dietary intake |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Daily energy intake (kJ) |
7148 (1882) |
6715 (2167) |
6045 (2357) |
4558 (1823) |
1053
(–1039–3144) |
.48 |
.002* |
.06 |
| Daily energy intake (kJ.kg–1.d–1) |
91.1 (37.9) |
85.8 (45.8) |
74.9 (44.6) |
51.9 (18.7) |
17.6
(–27.4– 62.6) |
.41 |
.007* |
.10 |
| Total fat (g) |
66.9 (21.2) |
66.6 (29.0) |
55.9 (23.5) |
46.9 (23.3) |
8.75
(–15.8–33.3) |
.37 |
.07 |
.14 |
| Saturated fat (g) |
26.7 (7.5) |
27.4 (10.3) |
25.0 (11.4) |
18.8 (9.4) |
6.88
(–3.3–17.1) |
.71 |
.07 |
.09 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) |
8.2 (2.8) |
9.3 (4.7) |
7.1 (2.7) |
6.4 (4.4) |
1.90
(–1.2 – 5.0) |
.65 |
.94 |
.10 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) |
24.9 (12.4–56.5) |
22.6 (9.6–55.0) |
18.6 (6.7–32.0) |
17.8 (8.0–32.1) |
–.54
(–11.9–10.8) |
–.01 |
.03* |
.35 |
Cholesterol
(mg) |
243 (127) |
264 (78) |
204 (119) |
201 (160) |
24.4
(–114.0–161) |
.18 |
.54 |
.52 |
Protein
(g) |
57.4 (46.9–156.1) |
73.5 (37.9–103.0) |
59.2 (27.9–116.4) |
54.2 (20.6–108.9) |
3.09
(–31.82 – 38.01) |
.37 |
.06 |
.20 |
Protein
(g.kg–1.d–1) |
.9 (.3) |
.9 (.5) |
.7 (.4) |
.6 (.3) |
.14
(–.25–.53) |
.38 |
.11 |
.29 |
Carbohydrate
(g) |
194.8 (52.1) |
173.9 (50.0) |
167.8 (72.7) |
107.8 (29.5) |
39.1
(–28.4–106.5) |
.61 |
.0008* |
.04* |
Sugars
(g) |
81.8 (34.2) |
77.0 (35.2) |
66.2 (36.2) |
35.4 (11.0) |
26.1
(–12.7–64.8) |
.70 |
.01* |
.04* |
Sodium
(mg) |
2311 (1238–5393) |
1881 (1120–3325) |
1818 (915–3360) |
1530 (850–3812) |
–561
(–1678–556) |
–.41 |
.02* |
.67 |
| kJ from protein (%) |
16.8 (13.1–33.9) |
18.7 (15.4–20.8) |
19.4 (12.8–21.3) |
20.3 (13.6–27.0) |
–1.33
(–6.79–4.13) |
–.08 |
.41 |
.74 |
kJ from fat
(%) |
34.6 (4.2) |
36.4 (6.2) |
33.6 (5.6) |
37.3 (6.6) |
–1.95
(–7.21–3.31) |
–.39 |
.14 |
.80 |
| kJ from carbohydrate (%) |
47.2 (5.8) |
45.4 (6.6) |
48.1 (7.6) |
42.5 (7.3) |
3.85
(–3.36–11.06) |
.56 |
.12 |
.42 |
|
values were generated between treatment groups from independent t–tests for continuous data, and chi square tests for categorical data. |
* value of <0.05 denotes statistical significance; |
‡95% confidence interval; |
§Hedge’s bias corrected effect size; |
||moderate–to–vigorous physical activity (scores: 0 – 5, where a higher score reflects greater activity) |
|