Table 1 Muscle morphology of the right vastus lateralis, body composition and selected performance variables, in well-trained hammer throwers and physical education students. Data are means (±SD).
Variable
Hammer throwers
Controls
Type I muscle fibres (%)
39.9 (5.0) **
51.4 (7.0)
Type IIa muscle fibres (%)
51.1 (9.0) **
34.4 (6.0)
Type IIx muscle fibres (%)
9.0 (7.0)
14.3 (7.0)
CSA of Type I fibres (µm2)
5793 (670)
4979 (1266)
CSA of Type IIa fibres (µm2)
7703 (1171) **
5676 (1270)
CSA of Type IIx fibres (µm2)
6554 (2040)
4893 (1260)
Type I fibre CSA (%)
33.9 (4.0) **
49.0 (8.0)
Type IIa fibre CSA (%)
57.3 (9.0) **
37.9 (8.0)
Type IIx fibre CSA (%)
8.8 (7.0)
13.1 (5.0)
Lean body mass total (kg)
85.9 (3.9) **
62.7 (5.1)
Lean body mass arms (kg)
10.5 (1.5) **
7.8 (.7)
Lean body mass legs (kg)
30.4 (1.9) **
21.9 (2.3)
Body weight (kg)
116.4 (6.2) **
78.7 (1.0)
Body fat (%)
22.4 (2.9) *
16.4 ± 5.9
Bone mineral density (g/cm2)
1.484 (.046) **
1.264 (.08)
Backwards shot throw (m)
18.88 (1.80) **
9.45 (.4)
Standing broad jump (m)
3.09 (12.00) **
2.29 (21.00)
1RM Squat (kg)
245 (21) **
81 (12)
* and
** denote p < 0.05 an < 0.01 respectively. CSA: cross sectional area.