Table 2. Parameters specification for the final Hierarchical Linear Model with standard errors (SE) and confidence intervals. Running performance (V3000 m speed, in km·h) is the dependent variable. V4 and vVOmax are in km·h.
Parameter Estimate(SE) 95% Confidence Interval
Fixed effect
Intercept 19.86 (.13) 19.61 — 20.11
Time -.06 (.02) -.10 — -.02
V4 .43 (.09) .25 — .61
vVO2max .32 (.10) .12 — .52
Random effects Variance
BMI (Baseline) .54 *
Level 1 error .45
* significant at p < 0.001