Table 3. Foot loading parameters for each foot region before (Pre) and after (Post) the foot/ankle strength training in Control and experimental (FAST) groups. Values are means (±SD).
Foot
regions
Group
Measure
Medial heel
Lateral heel
Medial midfoot
Lateral midfoot
Medial forefoot
Central forefoot
Lateral forefoot
Hallux
Lesser toes
Maximum force (N)
Control
Pre
157 (134)
129 (107)
155 (118)
251 (106)
235 (80)
239 (82)
242 (85)
240 (79)
302 (96)
Post
114 (77)
112 (96)
146 (69)
263 (92)
282 (103)
296 (98)
241 (91)
255 (101)
297 (83)
FAST
Pre
98 (86)
115 (92)
122 (48)
263 (42)
252 (101)
219 (40)
221 (58)
259 (56)
273 (54)
Post
135 (77)
147 (71)
135 (44)
272 (69)
233 (96)
214 (48)
216 (71)
247 (61)
276 (48) *†
Peak pressure (kPa)
Control
Pre
98 (53)
112 (61)
117 (46)
215 (91)
290 (119)
276 (111)
274 (87)
368 (100)
325 (100)
Post
86 (45)
93 (55)
157 (53)
225 (83)
314 (92)
295 (74)
258 (73)
377 (150)
294 (74)
FAST
Pre
90 (60)
96 (56)
119 (31)
202 (50)
290 (112)
224 (46)
228 (56)
379 (99)
254 (51)
Post
107 (49)
120 (42)
127 (36)
205 (79)
278 (98)
220 (52)
217 (75)
336 (101)
240 (55) ‡
Mean pressure (kPa)
Control
Pre
68 (37)
79 (44)
64 (24)
108 (42)
191 (63)
167 (47)
173 (52)
220 (62)
164 (40)
Post
57 (29)
65 (40)
66 (18)
110 (32)
219 (68)
203 (60)
170 (56)
237 (87)
157 (33)
FAST
Pre
60 (36)
67 (44)
55 (10)
100 (16)
200 (69)
151 (23)
154 (37)
238 (53)
142 (28)
Post
70 (30)
83 (29)
58 (13)
102 (20)
186 (64)
146 (30)
148 (42)
225 (60)
145 (29) ‡†
Mean force (N)
Control
Pre
38 (33)
31 (22)
50 (37)
113 (51)
144 (50)
146 (53)
142 (56)
139 (49)
195 (65)
Post
29 (16)
26 (20)
53 (34)
113 (48)
162 (64)
177 (63)
147 (65)
150 (70)
195 (60)
FAST
Pre
25 (20)
26 (18)
42 (17)
112 (16)
157 (68)
142 (29)
133 (27)
152 (44)
182 (46) ‡
Post
33 (20)
34 (14)
46 (17)
113 (22)
143 (63)
136 (34)
127 (37)
145 (48)
177 (39)
Mean area (cm2)
Control
Pre
6 (4)
5 (3)
9 (5)
15 (4)
11 (2)
12 (2)
12 (3)
9 (1)
16 (2)
Post
6 (3)
5 (3)
10 (5)
14 (4)
11 (2)
13 (2)
12 (3)
9 (1)
17 (2)
FAST
Pre
5 (2)
5 (1)
10 (3)
16 (2)
12 (2)
13 (1)
13 (1)
10 (1)
17 (2)
Post
6 (2)
6 (2)
10 (2)
15 (1)
11 (1)
13 (1)
12 (2)
10 (1)
17 (2) ‡
Relative load (%)
Control
Pre
4 (2)
3 (3)
5 (3)
11 (4)
15 (3)
14 (2)
14 (2)
14 (3)
20 (5)
Post
3 (2)
3 (2)
5 (3)
11 (4)
16 (4)
17 (2)
13 (4)
14 (4)
19 (4)
FAST
Pre
3 (3)
3 (2)
4 (1)
12 (3)
16 (4)
15 (2)
14 (3)
16 (2)
19 (3)
Post
4 (3)
4 (2)
5 (2)
12 (3)
15 (4)
14 (2)
13 (3)
15 (3)
18 (2) †
*
†
‡ p < 0.05 for region 5, 6 and 2 respectively. Abbreviations: FAST, Foot/Ankle strength training; Pre, one week before FAST protocol; Post, immediately after FAST protocol