Table 2.
Mean (± Standard Error) shoulder peak moments (Nm) and joint power (W).
Downward acceleration
Upward acceleration
Follow-through
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
Maximal moment peak
Flexion
26.8
(4.6)
27.2
(3.8)
27.2
(4.8)
58.2
(6.8)
60.0
(6.6
54.5
(7.8)
28.2
(7.3)
33.4
(3.7)
30.5
(7.7)
Adduction
1.8
(1.7)
3.1
(1.7)
3.0
(1.1)
54.8
(13.0)
52.3
(8.8)
53.8
(16.3)
35.9
(4.8)
45.5
(3.1)
42.3
(9.1)
Internal rotation
21.7
(4.4)
21.6
(3.5)
21.6
(4.6)
50.6
†
(6.4)
44.8
(5.1)
45.6
(7.7)
18.0
(4.1)
23.5
(3.6)
22.4
(5.5)
Minimal torque peak
Extension
4.0
(3.6)
4.4
(3.0)
3.3
(3.5)
75.5
(14.3)
76.6
(10.0)
73.4
(19.8)
64.3
(13.0)
59.1
(9.2)
56.4
(16.6)
Abduction
15.6
(1.9)
16.5
(1.6)
16.4
(1.8)
9.0
(1.1)
13.5
(.6)
11.0
(1.6)
31.5
(6.3)
35.3
(8.2)
29.1
(9.0)
External rotation
2.1
(3.6)
1.0
(3.6)
1.6
(3.6)
15.5
(4.0)
16.5
(4.8)
14.8
(4.1)
25.5
*
†
(5.5)
20.5
(4.6)
21.9
(6.2)
Mean Positive Power
28.0
(8.7)
23.6
(6.8)
26.6
(7.8)
224.0
†
(38.3)
196.6
(19.1)
179.2
(35.9)
161.7
(55.9)
203.6
(38.1)
169.7
(49.0)
Mean Negative Power
7.3
(3.8)
15.2
(10.4)
7.4
(4.5)
276.8
(76.4)
260.4
(99.4)
223.5
(79.1)
279.3
†
(77.9)
223.2
(71.3)
226.2
(72.3)
* Post hoc comparison between A and B rackets
† Post hoc comparison between A and C rackets, with p ≤ 0.05.