Table 3 Effects of water exercise on functional ADL (n=61). |
| |
Before |
|
After |
|
Change |
| Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
(%) |
| Sit & reach (cm) |
Exercise |
25.59 |
6.47 |
27.66 * |
6.90 |
8.4 |
| Control |
21.92 |
6.81 |
21.90 |
5.53 |
|
| Sit to stand (Number) |
Exercise |
10.77 |
3.06 |
14.06 *** |
3.95 |
30.5 |
| Control |
12.03 |
2.77 |
12.18 |
1.44 |
|
| Walk Speed(seconds) |
Exercise |
10.72 |
2.60 |
9.00 *** |
2.39 |
-16.0 |
| Control |
10.92 |
2.34 |
10.16 |
1.87 |
|
| Walk Steps (Number) |
Exercise |
11.92 |
1.78 |
10.65 *** |
1.78 |
-10.5 |
| Control |
12.18 |
1.96 |
11.59 * |
1.83 |
-4.8 |
| Agility (seconds) |
Exercise |
35.3 |
10.68 |
28.12 *** |
9.59 |
-20.0 |
| Control |
32.08 |
7.06 |
31.7 |
6.74 |
|
| Stair Climb (seconds) |
Exercise |
16.64 |
7.94 |
12.94 *** |
4.73 |
-22.5 |
| Control |
18.26 |
7.28 |
16.56 * |
6.64 |
-9.3 |
| Arm curl (Number) |
Exercise |
14.01 |
3.77 |
19.53 *** |
5.03 |
30.8 |
| Control |
14.38 |
3.53 |
14.35 |
4.10 |
|
Static Balance
(seconds) |
Exercise Right |
15.43 |
17.91 |
21.98 * |
18.51 |
42.4 |
| Exercise Left |
14.37 |
14.75 |
21.34 * |
19.72 |
48.0 |
| ControlRight |
16.79 |
19.82 |
15.34 |
17.92 |
|
| ControlLeft |
14.86 |
16.38 |
11.59 |
16.97 |
|
| Dynamic Balance |
Exercise |
45.39 |
9.20 |
50.02 *** |
7.16 |
10.2 |
| Perfect score=54 |
Control |
39.88 |
13.46 |
43.65 |
11.21 |
|
|
p < 0.001 compared with before |
|