| 1. Caffeine is considered to be doping if its concentration in urine exceeds a certain level. |
.86 |
-.05 |
.11 |
-.09 |
.08 |
.06 |
-.03 |
| 2. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a doping substance used almost exclusively in strength-and-power sports (e.g., weightlifting). |
-.06 |
-.08 |
.13 |
.03 |
.03 |
.04 |
.82 |
| 3. If sample A is positive for doping, an athlete is entitled to ask for another sampling. |
.15 |
.85 |
-.13 |
.00 |
.04 |
.05 |
-.02 |
| 4. Doping control officers should notify athletes of their testing intentions a few hours prior to any testing. |
.10 |
.28 |
-.29 |
.06 |
.15 |
.54 |
.01 |
| 5. If an athlete has an out-of-competition doping control, four weeks should elapse before the next doping control. |
-.01 |
-.22 |
.06 |
.07 |
-.22 |
.81 |
-.01 |
| 6. If a doping control officer does not provide valid proof of identity an athlete can refuse to participate in the testing. |
.24 |
.26 |
.10 |
.02 |
.24 |
.62 |
.09 |
| 7. Anabolic steroids used among female athletes have neither positive nor negative effects. |
.82 |
-.05 |
-.03 |
.28 |
-.09 |
.16 |
-.13 |
| 8. Diuretics are prohibited substances in sport. |
-.17 |
-.10 |
.03 |
.82 |
-.12 |
.25 |
-.11 |
| 9. In the case of asthma, I can use diuretics. |
-.01 |
-.26 |
.04 |
-.13 |
.67 |
-.17 |
.26 |
| 10. A “masking agent” is someone who helps an athlete hide their use of doping and is therefore equally responsible for doping offenses. |
-.06 |
.22 |
.17 |
-.06 |
.69 |
.18 |
-.29 |
| 11. EPO is detected in blood samples. |
.45 |
.17 |
-.12 |
-.06 |
.27 |
-.03 |
.36 |
| 12. A person caught with material evidence of EPO (for example, ampules containing EPO) can be charged as a doping-offender. |
.42 |
.34 |
.03 |
-.01 |
.28 |
.34 |
.28 |
| 13. The use of amphetamines has been related to several cases of death in sport due to cardiovascular failure. |
.15 |
-.08 |
.80 |
.11 |
.04 |
-.01 |
-.08 |
| 14. The use of amphetamines by women is related to male-like body appearance changes. |
.31 |
.06 |
.09 |
.72 |
.20 |
-.15 |
.15 |
| 15. The purchase of the nutritional supplement from the authorized dealer is the only proper guarantee that the supplement does not contain doping agents. |
-.14 |
.76 |
.00 |
-.04 |
.02 |
-.03 |
-.11 |
| 16. Synthetic testosterone increases the quantity of erythrocytes and is therefore common in endurance sports. |
-.11 |
.05 |
.77 |
-.03 |
.09 |
.01 |
.30 |
| 17. The use of testosterone derivates by women is related to male-like body appearance changes. |
-.01 |
.58 |
.16 |
.00 |
-.13 |
.23 |
.43 |
| 18. When an athlete reports undergoing official medical treatment they cannot be tested for doping. |
.24 |
.03 |
-.04 |
.33 |
.64 |
.09 |
.08 |
| Expl.Var |
2.13 |
2.12 |
1.47 |
1.44 |
1.71 |
1.70 |
1.40 |
| Prp.Totl |
.18 |
.11 |
.08 |
.08 |
.09 |
.09 |
.08 |