Table 1. HR, MAP, CO , O, aCO, and external ear temperature during rest, exercise and recovery periods. Values are means (±SE).
Exercise period
Rest 6 min 16±2 min 24±3 min recovery
Control condition HR (bpm) 66 (3) 140 (5)* 165 (5)* 168 (5)* 106 (6)*
MAP (mmHg) 96 (6) 128 (4)* 125 (5)* 118 (5)* 89 (4)
PETCO2 (mmHg) 38 (1) 45 (2)* 38 (1) 36 (1)* 33 (1)*
PETO2 (mmHg) 108 (2) 109 (2) 113 (2)* 14 (2)* 117 (1)*
PaCO2(mmHg) 39 (1) 42 (2) 36 (1)* 33 (1)* 31 (1)*
External ear temperature (°C) 35.9 (.2) 36.2 (.0) 36.7 (.2)* 36.8 (.3)* 36.6 (.2)*
Heat condition HR (bpm) 75 (3)†  152 (4)* 170 (4)* - 123 (7)*† 
MAP (mmHg) 89 (3) 118 (5)* 107 (6)*†  - 82 (3)
PETCO2 (mmHg) 37 (1) 43 (1)* 36 (1) - 32 (1)*
PETO2 (mmHg) 108 (2) 110 (2) 115 (2)* - 116 (2)*
PaCO2(mmHg) 37 (1) 40 (1) 34 (1)* - 32 (1)*
External ear temperature (°C) 36.5 (.2)†  36.8 (.1) 37.5 (.1)*†  - 37.7 (.1) *† 
HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; CO, end-tidal partial pressure of CO; O, end-tidal partial pressure of O; aCO, arterial partial pressure of CO.
* p < 0.05 vs. resting baseline.
†  p < 0.05 control condition vs heat condition in the same period.
‡ p < 0.05 control condition vs heat condition at exhaustion (16 min in heat condition vs 24 min in control condition).