Table 2.
Kinematic and kinetic data for all subjects.
Data
Units
Average
Std. Deviation
Time (sec)
Range
Grip Velocity (max)
m·sec
-1
6.16
6.08
.537
.656
-.074
-.030
5.0-7.4
4.9-7.4
Grip Velocity (impact)
m·sec
-1
3.59
3.55
.663
.675
-------
2.8-4.4
2.7-4.3
CG Velocity (max)
m·sec
-1
16.49
17.33
1.20
1.33
-.006
-.008
15.1-17.9
15.8-19.0
CG Velocity (impact)
m·sec
-1
16.14
16.65
1.03
1.38
-------
14.9-17.3
15.2-17.6
COP Velocity (max)
m·sec
-1
20.13
20.64
1.43
1.53
-.002
-.007
16.4-23.4
16.6-23.9
COP Velocity (impact)
m·sec
-1
19.70
19.80
1.35
1.63
-------
15.5-23.4
18.9-23.2
Swing Velocity
rad·sec
-1
29.63
27.03
2.92
3.51
-.007
-.011
23.9-34.5
22.0-33.1
Pitch Velocity
rad·sec
-1
7.96
7.04
1.36
1.88
-.120
-.110
6.0-10.1
5.3-9.9
Roll Velocity
rad·sec
-1
4.94
4.31
.39
.49
-.009
-.007
3.9-5.0
3.6-4.8
Tangential Force
N
182.7
196.5
29.3
31.1
-.036
-.033
135-268
145-286
Normal Force
N
265.1
293.2
25.8
24.7
-.005
-.002
182-312
201-347
Bi-Normal Force
N
118.1
134.0
31.3
28.2
-.048
-.047
73-154
98-182
Force Magnitude
N
312.0
355.9
34.5
38.3
-.004
-.002
220-396
239-416
Swing Torque
Nm
29.5
28.7
5.5
4.9
-.035
-.036
18.7-42.2
19.5-43.5
Pitch Torque
Nm
13.9
15.8
4.1
4.2
-.143
-.038
9.9-21.1
11.7-23.0
Roll Torque
Nm
1.1
1.4
.29
.21
-.033
-.041
0.7-2.2
0.9-3.0
Torque Magnitude
Nm
32.8
34.7
10.2
10.5
-.033
-.030
15.0-48.9
17.5-50.0
Linear Work
Nm
129.9
146.2
14.6
18.4
.000
-.001
101-158
122-184
Angular Work
Nm
44.6
48.6
6.4
8.5
-.001
-.002
22.6-61.0
24.6-65.8
Total Work
Nm
163.6
191.3
19.7
18.9
-.001
.000
126-199
154-227
Linear Power
Nm·sec
-1
1240
1387
179
181
-.052
-.048
1104-1437
1167-1612
Angular Power
Nm·sec
-1
639
601
54
69
-.023
-.021
511-756
488-733
Total Power
Nm·sec
-1
1917
1980
240
233
-.031
-.028
1417-2431
1430-2535
Linear Kinetic Energy
Nm
113.3
124.3
11.5
12.1
.000
-.001
91-140
105-163
Angular Kinetic Energy
Nm
40.6
42.8
5.5
7.8
-.001
-.002
15.8-54.7
21.2-58.5
Total Kinetic Energy
Nm
144.3
169.9
17.3
16.0
-.001
.000
118-177
134-201