Table 4. Values of force (mean ± SD) (N) obtained during the maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVCs) performed before and after the incremental test for the oval Q-rings and the conventional rings (C-rings). Q-ring C-ring Before incremental test After incremental test Before incremental test After incremental test   1st MVC 65.5 ± 2.9 60.1 ± 3.2 64.3 ± 3.4 62.4 ± 3.1   2nd MVC 62.3 ± 3.5 59.8 ± 3.4 60.8 ± 3.6 57.8 ± 3.4   3rd MVC 61.8 ± 4.6 58.2 ± 2.3 61.3 ± 4.2 57.6 ± 2.3   4th MVC 57.7 ± 3.9 55.4 ± 1.8 61.7 ± 3.1 59.3 ± 3.1