Table 5.
Self-reported use of doping and PEAS score means (M), standard deviations (±SD), test statistics and corresponding p-values by doping user groups.
Samples
n
User
M (±SD)
Non-user
M (±SD)
U Mann Whitney
p
Ciclotourists QH Challenge 2011
2022
48.87 (15.98)
(n=164)
40.98 (11.95)
(n=1858)
108775.500
.000
Ciclotourists QH Challenge 2012
382
46.18 (17.11)
(n=33)
38.88 (12.27)
(n=349)
4368.500
.022
Footballers
1120
38.48 (12.48)
(n=48)
33.71 (10.33)
(n=1072)
19911.500
.008
Professionals Footballers
273
40.18 (16.54)
(n=11)
34.10 (10.11)
(n=262)
1177.000
.303
Amateur Footballers
280
42.13 (10.45)
(n=16)
35.24 (9.52)
(n=264)
1321.500
.012
Elite U18 - U16 Footballers
272
49.75 (10.77)
(n=4)
35.19 (11.35)
(n=268)
171.000
.019
Elite Female Footballers
35
34.33 (4.89)
(n=6)
29.24 (10.77)
(n=29)
43.500
.055
Football Coaches Sport Sciences Students
167
38.28 (15.65)
(n=18)
34.23 (10.28)
(n=149)
1152.000
.329