Table 2. Architectural parameters of Vastus Lateralis (VL), Gastrocnemius Medialis (GM), Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), Triceps Brachii (TB), and Biceps Brachii (BB) muscles in S1 (n = 11) and S2 (n = 12).
Variable S1 S2
Mean (±SD) Range Mean (±SD) Range
Muscle thickness (cm) VL * 2.25 (.12) 2.01 - 2.45 2.14 (.11) 1.98 - 2.31
GM 1.88 (.19) 1.52 - 2.15 1.75 (.17) 1.41 - 2.02
GL * 1.70 (.21) 1.18 - 2.03 1.51 (.20) 1.08 - 2.01
TB * 2.24 (.15) 2.04 - 2.48 2.10 (.13) 1.92 - 2.41
BB 2.08 (.21) 1.79 - 2.47 2.04 (.22) 1.78 - 2.52
Pennation angle (°) VL 16.0 (2.6) 12.3 - 22.3 18.3 (3.7) 12.5 - 25.1
GM 20.2 (3.8) 15.4 - 27.3 21.3 (5.1) 13.3 - 29.0
GL 16.1 (1.6) 13.3 - 19.7 17.2 (2.1) 14.1 - 21.2
TB * 16.9 (2.3) 12.6 - 21.6 19.1 (2.8) 13.2 - 22.8
Absolute fascicle length (cm) VL * 8.30 (1.1) 6.19 - 10.71 7.04 (1.2) 4.91 - 9.16
GM 5.59 (1.0) 4.23 - 8.11 5.04 (1.1) 3.18 - 6.87
GL * 6.13 (.7) 5.13 - 7.19 5.23 (1.1) 3.22 - 7.69
TB * 7.86 (1.4) 5.59 - 11.42 6.55 (1.1) 5.08 - 8.99
Fascicle length/limb length (cm/cm) VL * .21 (.03) .15 - .28 .18 (.03) .11 - .24
GM .14 (.03) .10 - .21 .12 (.03) .07 - .17
GL .15 (.02) .11 - .19 .13 (.03) .08 - .19
TB * .21 (.03) .15 - .28 .18 (.04) .14 - .26
* Significant differences between S1 and S2, p < 0.05.