Table 3. Effect of exercise training on mean changes in VO2max and chances that the true differences are substantial. Chances that the true effect has substantial... Mean differences ±90% Confidence limits Benefit (%) Harm (%) Practical assessment CMIET + HIIT (relative to control) Relative VO2max (mL·kg-1·min-1) 4.9 1.0, 8.8 89 .4 Possibly beneficial Absolute VO2max (L·min-1) .4 .1, .6 91 .3 Possibly beneficial CMIET + HIIT (relative to control) Relative VO2max (mL·kg-1·min-1) 3.0 -.5, 6.5 74 2 Possibly beneficial Absolute VO2max (L·min-1) .2 0, .5 72 2 Possibly beneficial CMIET + HIIT (relative to CMIET) Relative VO2max (mL·kg-1·min-1) 1.9 -2.3, 6.2 48 5 Unclear Absolute VO2max (L·min-1) .1 -.2, .5 42 7 Unclear If changes of benefit and harm both > 5% the true effect was deemed unclear (could be beneficial or harmful). Otherwise, chances of benefit or harm were assessed in the following manner: < 1%, almost certainly not, 1-5%, very unlikely; 5-25%, unlikely 25-75%, possibly: 75-95%, likely: 95-99%, very likely: >99%, almost certain.