Table 2.
Between-group effect sizes and p values for covariate-adjusted results.
Effect size
p value <
Local cryotherapy
versus Control group
Stretching versus
Control group
Local cryotherapy
versus Stretching group
Time
Group
Time ×
Group
Post-
Follow-up
Post-
Follow-up
Post-
Follow-up
PROM for IR (°)
1.06
.69
.86
.68
.08
.02
<.001
*
<.001
*
<.001
#
AROM for IR (°)
.93
.56
.64
.46
.25
.06
<.001
*
<.001
*
<.001
#
PROM for HA (°)
.81
.57
.54
.64
.09
-.19
<.001
*
.002
*
.031
#
AROM for HA (°)
.51
.49
.50
.44
-.01
-.10
<.001
*
.001
*
.004
#
SS for IR (cm)
-.73
-.51
-.47
-.35
-.16
-.04
<.001
*
<.001
*
.003
#
SS for HA (cm)
-.50
-.43
-.32
-.28
-.09
-.07
<.001
*
<.001
*
<.001
#
PPT for Infra (kg)
.67
.60
.32
.53
.30
.15
<.001
*
<.001
*
<.001
#
PPT for Post.D (kg)
.50
.46
.44
.35
.19
.25
.001
*
<.001
*
.033
#
* Significant time and group main effect;
Significant group by time for interaction.
PROM: passive range of motion, AROM: active range of motion, IR: internal rotation, HA: horizontal adduction, SS: stretch sensation, PPT: pressure pain threshold, Infra: infraspinatus muscle, Post. D: posterior deltoid muscle.