Table 1.
Descriptives and differences between low-, average- and high-YYIR1 performance groups and effect by 2- and 4-year follow-up subsamples.
Grand mean (n=21)
low (n=7)
average (n=7)
high (n=7)
MANOVA
Cohen’s d
2-year follow-up
Test
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
F-value
P-Value
Low-Average
Average-High
Low-High
Age (y)
1
13.2 (.3)
± .1
13.2 (.2)
± .1
13.1 (.4)
± .2
13.2 (.2)
± .1
.376
.692
.00
.00
.11
2
14.2 (.3)
± .1
14.2 (.2)
± .1
14.1 (.4)
± .2
14.2 (.2)
± .1
.392
.682
.24
.24
.12
3
15.2 (.3)
± .1
15.2 (.2)
± .1
15.2 (.3)
± .1
15.2 (.2)
± .1
.345
.713
.24
.24
.24
Maturity OffSet (y)
1
-.85 (.51)
± .12
-.76 (.46)
± .18
-.60 (.49)
± .20
-1.20 (.43)
± .17
3.287
.061
.16
.09
.11
2
.14 (.72)
± .16
.27 (.58)
± .23
.44 (.76)
± .30
-.29 (.69)
± .28
2.181
.142
.08
.06
.08
3
1.17 (.70)
± .16
1.36 (.49)
± .20
1.45 (.85)
± .34
.70 (.52)
± .21
2.849
.084
.07
.03
.03
Stature (cm)
1
157.8 (6.5)
± 1.5
158.4 (3.6)
± 1.4
162.2 (6.5)
± 2.6
152.8 (5.6)
± 2.2
5.432
.014
Σ
.78
1.67
1.28
2
164.8 (7.5)
± 1.7
165.7 (3.8)
± 1.5
169.8 (7.8)
± 3.1
159.0 (6.4)
± 2.6
5.294
.016
Σ
.72
1.64
1.38
3
171.1 (6.5)
± 1.5
172.8 (2.9)
± 1.2
174.6 (7.3)
± 2.9
165.7 (5.2)
± 2.1
5.272
.016
Σ
.35
1.52
1.82
Body mass (kg)
1
46.0 (6.8)
± 1.6
48.2 (6.6)
± 2.6
49.3 (5.5)
± 2.2
40.5 (5.0)
± 2.0
4.863
.020
Σ
.20
1.81
1.42
2
52.7 (8.7)
± 2.0
54.6 (7.6)
± 3.0
57.0 (8.0)
± 3.2
46.2 (7.6)
± 3.0
3.592
.049
Σ
.33
1.50
1.19
3
59.3 (8.8)
± 2.0
62.5 (7.7)
± 3.1
63.5 (7.9)
± 3.2
52.0 (6.3)
± 2.5
5.312
.015
Σ
.14
1.74
1.61
YYIR1 (m)
1
1319(366)
± 83
886(114)
± 46
1357(100)
± 40
1714(145)
± 58
82.471
<.001
#
4.74
3.10
6.86
2
1705(371)
± 85
1366(360)
± 144
1823(231)
± 92
1926(265)
± 106
7.386
.005
#
1.63
.45
1.91
3
1823(427)
±97
1411(252)
± 101
1920(414)
± 166
2137(220)
± 88
10.296
.001
#
1.60
.71
3.32
Grand mean (n=21)
low (=7)
average (n=7)
high (n=7)
MANOVA
Cohen’s d
4-year follow-up
Test
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
F-value
P-value
Low-Average
Average-High
Low-High
Age (y)
1
12.2 (.3)
± .1
12.3 (.3)
± .2
12.2 (.4)
± .3
12.2 (.2)
± .2
.267
.769
.31
.00
.42
2
14.2 (.3)
± .1
14.3 (.3)
± .2
14.2 (.4)
± .3
14.2 (.2)
± .2
.244
.786
.31
.00
.42
3
16.2 (.3)
± .1
16.3 (.3)
± .2
16.3 (.4)
± .3
16.1 (.3)
± .2
.462
.638
.00
.61
.72
Maturity OffSet (y)
1
-1.72 (.34)
± .15
-1.54 (.33)
± .24
-1.83 (.38)
± .28
-1.80 (.28)
± .21
1.553
.239
.88
.10
.92
2
.28 (.61)
± .26
.57 (.50)
± .37
.04 (.83)
± .61
.23 (.36)
± .27
1.388
.275
.84
.32
.84
3
2.14 (.47)
± .20
2.28 (.23)
± .17
2.11 (.63)
± .47
2.04 (.52)
± .39
.431
.657
.39
.13
.64
Stature (cm)
1
150.7 (3.6)
± 1.5
152.5 (1.8)
± 1.3
149.9 (3.4)
± 2.5
149.7 (4.8)
± 3.6
1.408
.270
1.03
.05
.83
2
165.2 (5.2)
± 2.2
167.8 (4.6)
± 3.4
163.3 (5.6)
± 4.2
164.5 (4.9)
± 3.6
1.492
.251
.95
.25
.75
3
174.6 (3.9)
± 1.7
175.8 (4.1)
± 3.0
174.3 (2.8)
± 2.1
173.8 (4.8)
± 3.6
.497
.647
.46
.14
.48
Body mass (kg)
1
39.5 (4.4)
± 1.9
42.3 (5.0)
± 3.7
37.9 (4.2)
± 3.7
38.4 (2.8)
± 2.1
2.375
.121
1.03
.15
1.04
2
52.3 (7.2)
± 3.1
57.5 (8.7)
± 6.4
48.5 (5.7)
± 6.4
50.7 (3.6)
± 2.7
3.781
.043
≈ž
1.32
1.10
.15
3
62.9 (5.1)
± 2.2
66.7 (6.5)
± 4.8
60.7 (3.0)
± 4.8
61.2 (3.1)
± 2.3
3.732
.044
≈ž
1.28
0.18
1.17
YYIR1 (m)
1
1090(367)
± 157
703(224)
± 166
1063(128)
± 95
1503(83)
± 61
45.947
<.001
#
2.13
4.41
5.12
2
1749(406)
± 174
1686(194)
± 144
1384(311)
± 230
2177(202)
± 150
19.281
<.001
Σ
1.26
3.27
2.68
3
2175(338)
± 145
2126(373)
± 276
1966(218)
± 161
2434(248)
± 184
4.801
.021
Σ
.57
2.17
1.05
SD=standard deviation; CI=confidence interval;
#
significant differences between all performance groups;
≈ž
Low is different from Average;
Σ
high is different from low and average