Table 4. Fitness characteristics of youth elite tennis players according to birth distribution. |
|
Age Group |
1st Q |
2nd Q |
3rd Q |
4th Q |
P |
Post hoc |
ES ± (90%CI) |
| Grip strength D [kg] |
U12 |
22.0 ± 3.4 |
21.7 ± 2.8 |
22.4 ± 4.1 |
23.8 ± 5.0 |
.786 |
n.d. |
.48 (-4.60; 1.02) |
| U13 |
26.5 ± 3.9 |
25.2 ± 5.2 |
23.1 ± 3.7 |
23.3 ± 2.6 |
.030 |
Q1>Q3 |
.85 (.36; 4.80) |
| U14 |
33.1 ± 6.7 |
30.9 ± 7.2 |
30.3 ± 5.6 |
26.7 ± 3.3 |
.186 |
n.d. |
.01 (1.88; 10.98) |
| U15 |
38.9 ± 7.7 |
36.9 ± 8.2 |
33.0 ± 7.2 |
35.0 ± 8.5 |
.251 |
n.d. |
.48 (-1.05; 8.87) |
| U16 |
44.8 ± 7.3 |
44.0 ± 8.7 |
49.7 ± 7.8 |
47.3 ± 5.3 |
.483 |
n.d. |
.36 (-8.14; 3.16) |
| U17 |
51.8 ± 6.4 |
46.1 ± 7.3 |
49.1 ± 6.1 |
49.0 ± 3.9 |
.233 |
n.d. |
.45 (-3.24; 8.87) |
| CMJ [cm] |
U12 |
28.5 ± 3.3 |
29.1 ± 4.4 |
29.3 ± 4.5 |
30.5 ± 4.9 |
.702 |
n.d. |
.56 (-4.19; .09) |
| U13 |
30.7 ± 3.8 |
30.9 ± 4.1 |
29.1 ± 2.9 |
29.0 ± 4.0 |
.271 |
n.d. |
.44 (-.59; 3.99) |
| U14 |
32.7 ± 3.1 |
32.4 ± 4.9 |
30.9 ± 4.6 |
34.8 ± 2.6 |
.261 |
n.d. |
.69 (-4.32; 0.11) |
| U15 |
35.3 ± 3.5 |
35.2 ± 3.4 |
33.6 ± 3.2 |
32.8 ± 3.9 |
.193 |
n.d. |
.66 (.21; 4.77) |
| U16 |
36.6 ± 4.9 |
37.3 ± 4.3 |
39.0 ± 3.2 |
36.9 ± 3.3 |
.658 |
n.d. |
.07(-4.03; 3.41) |
| U17 |
38.4 ± 4.5 |
36.3 ± 3.8 |
41.5 ± 3.7 |
37.2 ± 1.2 |
.061 |
n.d. |
.29 (-2.88; 5.36) |
| 20m Sprint [s] |
U12 |
3.60 ± 0.15 |
3.61 ± 0.18 |
3.61 ± 0.13 |
3.52 ± 0.12 |
.544 |
n.d. |
.56 (-,03; .20) |
| U13 |
3.51 ± 0.16 |
3.50 ± 0.16 |
3.59 ± 0.10 |
3.51 ± 0.17 |
.277 |
n.d. |
.16 (-.10; .09) |
| U14 |
3.35 ± 0.14 |
3.46 ± 0.16 |
3.45 ± 0.21 |
3.45 ± 0.15 |
.152 |
n.d. |
.67 (-.21;.01) |
| U15 |
3.29 ± 0.17 |
3.33 ± 0.15 |
3.34 ± 0.18 |
3.37 ± 0.15 |
.616 |
n.d. |
.47 (-.18; .02) |
| U16 |
3.18 ± 0.11 |
3.18 ± 0.13 |
3.19 ± 0.07 |
3.18 ± 0.13 |
.996 |
n.d. |
.02 (-.10; .10) |
| U17 |
3.09 ± 0.11 |
3.18 ± 0.14 |
3.10 ± 0.10 |
3.06 ± 0.13 |
.234 |
n.d. |
.28 (-.09; .15) |
| Serve velocity [km/h] |
U12 |
123.7 ± 10.9 |
117.0 ± 8.1 |
120.2 ± 7.4 |
130.9 ± 4.5 |
.012 |
Q2<Q4 |
.69 (14,9; .56) |
| U13 |
134.2 ± 8.4 |
130.6 ± 10.0 |
132.7 ± 8.9 |
132.4 ± 8.9 |
.456 |
n.d. |
.11 (-3.14; 6.86) |
| U14 |
148.2 ± 10.7 |
146.3 ± 13.4 |
136.8 ± 16.5 |
140.3 ± 5.1 |
.088 |
n.d. |
.80 (.76; 15.18) |
| U15 |
161.7 ± 14.7 |
155.2 ± 13.3 |
148.00± 9.4 |
156.0 ± 11.6 |
.106 |
n.d. |
.41 (-2.69; 14.20) |
| U16 |
172.2 ± 5.1 |
168.0 ± 10.7 |
171.20± 7.4 |
170.7 ± 10.8 |
.794 |
n.d. |
.17 (-5.33; 8.34) |
| U17 |
176.7 ± 10.0 |
169.2 ± 9.5 |
177.9 ± 13.5 |
175.1 ± 11.0 |
.269 |
n.d. |
.15 (-8.79; 12.03) |
| Hit & Turn Test [level] |
U12 |
13.3 ± 1.8 |
11.6 ± 2.5 |
12.6 ± 2.1 |
13.0 ± 2.6 |
.080 |
n.d. |
.18 (-1.11; 1.82) |
| U13 |
13.5 ± 2.1 |
13.7 ± 1.8 |
14.3 ± 1.4 |
14.2 ± 2.9 |
.522 |
n.d. |
.28 (-1,46; 1.23) |
| U14 |
14.7 ± 2.3 |
15.2 ± 1.7 |
14.4 ± 2.5 |
14.5 ± 2.2 |
.799 |
n.d. |
.06 (-1.54; 1.83) |
| U15 |
16.0 ± 1.8 |
15.6 ± 1.6 |
16.4 ± 1.3 |
15.9 ± 1.4 |
.723 |
n.d. |
.06 (-.95; 1.15) |
| U16 |
17.5 ± 1.8 |
16.9 ± 0.7 |
16.6 ± 1.1 |
16.5 ± 1.0 |
.380 |
n.d. |
.63 (-.30; 2.27) |
| U17 |
17.7 ± 1.8 |
16.6 ± 2.0 |
16.3 ± 2.4 |
17.4 ± 1.6 |
.422 |
n.d. |
.20 (-1.43; 2.21) |
|
D: dominant hand; CMJ: countermovement jump; U12-U17: under 12 to under 17: Q1-Q4: first quarter to fourth quarter; ES: effect size; 90%CI: 90% confidence intervals |
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