Table 1. Main cardiac ECHO findings before (baseline) and 3 h after 24 h cross–country skiing. Unit Baseline After 3 h Difference Normal value LVEDD mm 55 52 –5.5% 46–52 LVESD mm 34 35 2.9% 28–37 LVEF % 67 59 –11.9% ≥ 55 IVS mm 12 13 8.3% 7.1–11.1 LVPW mm 13 13 0.0% 7.3–10.0 RVEDD mm 31 30 –3.2% 10.0–26.0 Mitral e velocity cm/s 7.4 6.3 –14.9% e’ cm/s 9 8 –11.1% e/e’ ratio 8.6 7.9 –8.1% LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IVS, interventricular septum; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall; RVEDD, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter; e, early diastolic velocity; e’ mitral annular early diastolic velocity; e/e’ ratio, diastolic function marker