Table 3. Influence of physical fitness and serum vitamin D levels on MMSE-based cognitive function. Independent variables β (95% CI) R2 ∆R2 Step 1 .425 *** .410 *** Age -.100 * (-.188 – -.012) Sex -.358 (-1.546 – .830) Education .515 *** (.388 – .642) GDS -.123 * (-.247 – .001) Step 2 .426 *** .403 Age -.102 * (-.191 – -.013) Sex -.833 (-3.250 – 1.583) Education .519 *** (.389 – .649) GDS -.127 * (-.253 – -.001) BMI -.088 (-.428 – .252) Percent body fat .060 (-.194 – .313) Step 3 .513 *** .468 ** Age -.021 (-.116 – .075) Sex -.639 (-2.981 – 1.703) Education .435 *** 0.303 – .567) GDS -.065 (-.191 – .061) BMI -.012 (-.351 – .327) Percent body fat .044 (-.206 – .293) Arm curl .010 (-.107 – .126) Chair stand up for 30 s -.018 (-.178 – .141) Back scratch .025 (-.010 – .061) Chair-sit-and-reach -.006 (-.056 – .044) Eight-foot-up-and-go -.368 * (-.697 – -.039) The 6-min walk .027 * (.004 – .050) Vitamin D .061 * (.014 – .108) * p < 0.05 *** p < 0.001 using multiple hierarchical regression. The control variables were age, sex, education level, GDS, and comorbidity index. Abbreviations: β, standardized regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; ∆R2, change in R2; GDS, geriatric depression scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.