Table 3. Leg mass characteristics of the kicking limb for accurate and inaccurate kickers (expressed in absolute and relative (to body mass) quantities). Values are expressed as mean (±SD).
Accurate Inaccurate Effect (d)
Absolute Mass Lean (g) 11913 (1170) 11806 (1720) .07
Fat (g) 1764(483) 3017 (1179) ** 1.39 b
Total (g) 14281 (1496) 15461 (2567) .56 d
Relative Mass Lean (g) 14.8 (.7) 13.4 (1.1) ** 1.46 b
Fat (g) 2.2 (.5) 3.4 (1.0) ** 1.50 b
Total (g) 17.7 (.5) 17.5 (.8) .30 d
Playing experience = total playing experience in years; Sig. = significance level; Effect = effect size; PPM = correlation coefficient between mass and kicking accuracy
** = statistical significance (α ≤ 0.01)
* = statistical significance (α ≤ 0.05)
a = very large effect (d ≥ 2.0)
b = large effect (d ≥ 0.2).
c = moderate effect (d ≥ 0.6)
d = small effect (d ≥ 0.2).