Table 5.
Protein phosphorylation and mRNA expression. Values are mean (±SD).
CONT group (n = 10)
WGFE group (n = 10)
Week 0
Week 12
Week 0
Week 12
Pre-
exercise
Post-
exercise
Pre-
exercise
Post-
exercise
Pre-
exercise
Post-
exercise
Pre-
exercise
Post-
exercise
Phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated protein ratio
AKT1
1.00 (.00)
2.23 (2.58)
.91 (.61)
1.25 (1.00)
1.00 (.00)
1.62 (2.30)
1.89 (2.48)
.84 (1.20)
mTOR
1.00 (.00)
1.52 (.98)
1.14 (1.40)
2.61 (2.84)
1.00 (.00)
3.79 (4.99)
1.60 (1.56)
5.47 (4.75)
*
‡
p70
s6k
1.00 (.00)
4.86 (5.13)
*
1.46 (1.24)
3.64 (4.42)
1.00 (.00)
2.50 (2.09)
.78 (.50)
4.95 (3.16)
FOXO3a
1.00 (.00)
1.04 (1.03)
1.64 (1.89)
1.31 (1.20)
1.00 (.00)
.94 (.38)
.97 (.25)
1.16 (.81)
mRNA expression
IGF-1Ea mRNA
1.00 (.00)
.77 (.56)
.96 (.52)
.78 (.31)
1.00 (.00)
1.21 (1.02)
1.40 (.49)
.98 (.76)
Atrogin-1 mRNA
1.00 (.00)
.60 (.54)
1.07 (.51)
.41 (.24)
1.00 (.00)
.57 (.41)
1.58 (1.24)
†
.80 (.60)
‡
MHC I mRNA
1.00 (.00)
1.14 (.56)
1.28 (1.06)
1.13 (.94)
1.00 (.00)
1.37 (.66)
1.50 (.94)
.95 (.79)
MHC IIa mRNA
1.00 (.00)
1.01 (.48)
.87 (.48)
.95 (.82)
1.00 (.00)
1.27 (.84)
1.48 (1.14)
.86 (.35)
MHC IIx mRNA
1.00 (.00)
1.16 (1.58)
1.10 (2.27)
.48 (.39)
1.00 (.00)
1.00 (.67)
1.48 (1.76)
.94 (.91)
CONT = Control, WGFE = Whey Growth Factor Extract.
*significantly different from Week 0 pre-exercise
† significantly different from Week 0 pre-exercise.
‡significantly different from Week 12 pre-exercise.