Table 2. Constant moderate (15 km.h-1) velocity running kinematics, spring-mass variables and psychophysiological responses before and after the intervention in LHTL and LHTLH groups. Data are means (±SD).
LHTL
LHTLH
ANOVA P value (η2)
Before
After
Before
After
Group
Time
Interaction
Running kinematics
Contact time (s)
.218 (.016)
.215 (.015)
.204 (.013)
.203 (.012)
.056 (.19)
.110 (.14)
.346 (.05)
Aerial time (s)
.137 (.017)
.134 (.017)
.141 (.015)
.140 (.014)
.461 (.03)
.400 (.04)
.666 (.01)
Step frequency (Hz)
2.82 (.17)
2.87 (.16)
2.91 (.19)
2.92 (.18)
.384 (.04)
.124 (.12)
.442 (.03)
Step length (m)
1.48 (.09)
1.45 (.08)
1.44 (.10)
1.43 (.09)
.444 (.03)
.074 (.17)
.287 (.06)
Dynamics and spring-mass characteristics
Mean loading rate (BW·s-1)
65.3 (13.9)
65.0 (15.6)
66.8 (15.8)
63.6 (12.4)
.994 (.00)
.419 (.04)
.497(.03)
Peak vertical forces (BW)
2.79 (.18)
2.72 (.17)
2.90 (.19)
2.88 (.14)
.080 (.16)
.140 (.18)
.364 (.05)
CoM vertical displacement (m)
.058 (.008)
.054 (.007)
.054 (.008)
.052 (.006)
.328 (.05)
.047(.20)
.429 (.04)
Leg compression (m)
.145 (.018)
.150 (.023)
.129 (.011)
.127 (.009)
.367 (.05)
.773 (.05)
.367 (.05)
Vertical stiffness (kN·m-1)
38.2 (4.8)
39.3 (4.3)
41.8 (5.6)
42.7 (5.1)
.110 (.14)
.223 (.08)
.849 (.01)
Leg stiffness (kN·m-1)
15.1 (1.7)
14.2 (1.5)
17.2 (2.1)
17.3 (2.0)
.002 (.41)
.402 (.04)
.219 (.08)
Psycho-physiological responses
Heart rate (beats·m-1)
171(10)
165(8)
167(11)
165(13)
.630(.01)
.034(.23)
.196 (.09)
RPE (points)
13.4 (1.6)
12.3 (1.1)
13.4 (1.2)
12.8 (2.6)
.667 (.01)
.035(.22)
.589 (.02)
BW: Body weight, CoM: Center of mass vertical displacement, RPE: Ratings of perceived exertion