| Aerobic exercise capacity variable |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) |
58.1 (8.6) |
60.5 (7.2) |
.048† |
54.6 (6.6) |
60.1 (7.2) |
.001† |
.000* (.598) |
.492 (.038) |
.157 (.139) |
| Anaerobic power variables |
| Relative peak anaerobic power (watt/kg) |
10.1 (1.2) |
10.7 (1.7) |
.328 |
10.8 (1.2) |
12.1 (1.5) |
.001† |
.008* (.402) |
.115 (.168) |
.281 (.082) |
| Relative mean anaerobic power (watt/kg) |
8.1 (0.6) |
8.2 (0.8) |
.809 |
8.0 (0.9) |
8.3 (1.1) |
.092 |
.161 (.136) |
.902 (.001) |
.288 (.080) |
| Muscular performance and hormone response variables |
| Bench press 1 RM (kg) |
68.4 (22.4) |
70.7 (21.0) |
.033† |
68.2 (20.1) |
76.8 (23.9) |
.001† |
.000* (.712) |
.793 (.005) |
.004* (.461) |
| Lat pull down 1 RM (kg) |
81.5 (26.1) |
80.9 (23.6) |
.685 |
78.4 (27.0) |
86.2 (29.2) |
.001† |
.003* (.474) |
.932 (.000) |
.001* (.553) |
| Bench press exercise volume at 70% 1 RM (kg) |
616(202) |
1096(325) |
.000† |
613(181) |
1321(390) |
.000† |
.000* (.930) |
.431 (.045) |
.020* (.329) |
| Lat pull down exercise volume at 70% 1 RM(kg) |
652(209) |
1120(333) |
.000† |
627(216) |
1316(434) |
.000† |
.000* (.923) |
.575 (.023) |
.027* (.304) |
| Growth hormone (ng/mL) |
2.8 (.9) |
5.2 (1.0) |
.000† |
3.2 (0.9) |
8.5 (1.4) |
.000† |
.000* (.986) |
.000* (.741) |
.000* (.890) |
| Insulin like growth factor-1 (ng/mL) |
219(20) |
228(19) |
.000† |
219(14) |
242(10) |
.000† |
.000* (.934) |
.004* (.451) |
.000* (.744) |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (pg/mL) |
31.2 (8.0) |
29.2 (4.2) |
.253 |
31.5 (4.5) |
33.7 (3.9) |
.023† |
.897 (.001) |
.370 (.058) |
.032* (.288) |
| Swimming performance variables |
| 50 m (seconds) |
29.2 (3.1) |
28.8 (2.4) |
.307 |
28.2 (2.9) |
27.2 (3.0) |
.000† |
.004* (.451) |
.375 (.057) |
.221 (.105) |
| 400 m (seconds) |
285.9 (24.4) |
283.0 (26.2) |
.292 |
290.6 (16.1) |
284.4 (16.9) |
.000† |
.004* (.466) |
.780 (.006) |
.227 (.102) |