Table 2. Metabolic responses and substrate oxidation during 40 km time-trial. Data are mean (±SE).
10 km 20 km 30 km 40 km
HR (bpm) PLA 158(2) 160(3) 163(4) 170(3)*
CHO 157(2) 160(3) 160(2) 173(3)*
V̇O2 (l·min-1) PLA 3.9 (.1) 3.9 (.1) 4.0 (.1) 4.2 (.1)
CHO 3.9 (.1) 3.9 (.1) 4.0 (.2) 4.4 (.2)
V̇E (l·min-1) PLA 89.6 (4.1) 89.6 (4.4) 92.8 (3.7) 104.2 (2.3)† 
CHO 93.9 (4.1) 93.9 (4.1) 94.9 (5.2) 113.8 (5.6)*
RER PLA .90 (.01) .87 (.01) .87 (.01) .89 (.01)
CHO .92 (.02) .90 (.01) .89 (.02)§ .92 (.02)
Carb. oxidation (g·min-1) PLA 3.27 (.23) 2.77 (.20) 2.75 (.20) 3.33 (.29)
CHO 3.68 (.27) 3.28 (.23) 3.15 (.33) 4.06 (.43)
Fat oxidation (g·min-1) PLA .64 (.09) .82 (.05) .86 (.05) .76 (.08)
CHO .47 (.12) .64 (.09) .73(10) .57 (.12)
No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between conditions for overall mean values.
* Significantly different from 10 km, 20 km, and 30 km values
†  Significantly different from 20 km and 30 km values
‡ Significantly different from 10 km value
§ Significantly different from 10 km, 20 km, and 40 km values
¶ Significantly different from 40 km value