Table 1.
Mean (±standard deviation) and effect sizes of ROM and PPT values.
Measures
Dominant Limb
Non-dominant limb
Intervention
Baseline
Pre
Post
Baseline
Pre
Post
PPT (kg)
TENS
16.1 (5.61)
16.7 (6.75)
18.6 (7.47)
15.7 (4.38)
16.4 (4.89)
17.3 (5.70)
RM
17.3 (8.02)
18.4 (8.16)
17.1 (8.91)
16.6 (7.43)
17.8 (8.63)
18.5 (8.52)
BOTH
15.9 (7.82)
18.2 (7.40)
17.5 (7.48)
16.1 (8.32)
17.1 (6.79)
18.0 (7.43)
CTRL
16.8 (8.40)
17.7 (8.35)
18.8 (10.09)
15.7 (7.40)
16.3 (6.89)
17.3 (7.72)
ROM
(degrees)
TENS
74.1 (14.05)
71.1 (13.71)
67.2 (12.53)
77.3 (13.10)
74.8 (14.16)
73.2 (15.78)
RM
69.5 (9.47)
65.8 (9.47)
63.7 (9.28)
74.3 (7.64)
72.3 (10.99)
67.5 (11.90)
BOTH
69.3 (10.36)
67.0 (13.11)
63.4 (11.87)
76.9 (13.67)
73.9 (13.36)
71.3 (14.07)
CTRL
72.4 (12.38)
70.3 (13.27)
66.9 (12.15)
75.7 (10.51)
74.6 (12.00)
70.9 (9.78)
Effect Sizes and (Power)
Dominant Limb
Non-dominant limb
Intervention
Baseline to Pre
Baseline to Post
Pre-Post
Baseline to Pre
Baseline to Post
Pre-Post
PPT (kg)
TENS
.09
.38
.26
(.84)
.16
.31
.51
(.16)
RM
.13
.23
.15
(.45)
.14
.23
.10
(.21)
BOTH
.30
.21
.10
(.24)
.13
.24
.12
(.35)
CTRL
.10
.19
.12
(.31)
.08
.19
.13
(.35)
ROM
(degrees)
TENS
.21
.51
.30
(.90)
.18
.27
.10
(.27)
RM
.39
.61
.22
(.72)
.21
.69
.41
(.99)
BOTH
.19
.53
.28
(.91)
.22
.40
.21
(.6)
CTRL
.16
.44
.26
(.84)
.09
.47
.33
(.95)
Estimated post-hoc statistical power are bolded and illustrated in brackets.