Table 4. Overall effects of foam roll training (FOAM), core strength training (CORE), and the control group (CG) on outcome measurements (mean ± SD; 95% CI). |
|
FOAM (n=13) |
CORE (n=11) |
CG (n=12) |
ANOVA (p-value, effect size f) |
| Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Time |
Group |
Time x Group |
| Core Strength Endurance |
| Ventral TMS test (s) |
118 ± 39 |
128 ± 41 |
98 ± 38 |
112 ± 36 |
123 ± 37 |
126 ± 38 |
0.092 (0.30) |
0.378 (0.25) |
0.709 (0.15) |
| Lateral TMS test (s) |
58 ± 20 |
76 ± 28 * |
46 ± 13 |
65 ± 18* |
66 ± 22 |
79 ± 28* |
<0.001 (0.99) |
0.188 (0.33) |
0.696 (0.15) |
| Dorsal TMS test (s) |
92 ± 20 |
89 ± 22 |
73 ± 8 |
92 ± 36* |
88 ± 20 |
88 ± 31 |
0.150 (0.28) |
0.708 (0.15) |
0.043 (0.46) |
| Muscle Performance |
| SLJ (cm) |
155 ± 19 |
152 ± 22 |
172 ± 26 |
173 ± 29 |
159 ± 23 |
150 ± 24* |
0.076 (0.31) |
0.129 (0.36) |
0.230 (0.31) |
| SLTH (cm) |
472 ± 48 |
474 ± 62 |
516 ± 80 |
518 ± 84 |
474 ± 70 |
475 ± 75 |
0.696 (0.07) |
0.270 (0.29) |
0.997 (0.00) |
| Balance |
| Y-Balance test (%) |
106 ± 6 |
107 ± 6 |
104 ± 9 |
106 ± 7 |
105 ± 7 |
107 ± 8 |
0.019 (0.43) |
0.926 (0.07) |
0.758 (0.14) |
| ROM |
| Stand and reach test (cm) |
3.4 ± 8.8 |
7.3 ± 6.9* |
6.4 ± 5.1 |
8.6 ± 5.1* |
8.4 ± 5.6 |
9.0 ± 5.3 |
<0.001 (1.05) |
0.405 (0.24) |
0.005 (0.61) |
|
TMS, Bourbon trunk muscle strength test; SLJ, standing long jump test; SLTH, single leg triple hop for distance test; |
* significantly different from pre-test to post-test within the group. |
|