Table 1.
Participation rate distributions within constituent years among masters swimmers across historical periods
Observed Frequency
Expected Frequency
χ
2
d.f.
p
Effect size
Total
Year 1
1385
1046
109.57
1
< .0001
1.49
Year 2
1143
1046
8.92
1
< .01
0.43
Year 3
996
1046
2.43
1
N.S.
-
Year 4
906
1046
18.84
1
< .001
0.62
Year 5
802
1046
57.08
1
< .0001
1.08
1972
Year 1
33
36
.25
1
N.S.
-
Year 2
57
36
12.25
1
< .001
1.77
Year 3
30
36
1.00
1
N.S.
-
Year 4
31
36
.69
1
N.S.
-
Year 5
29
36
1.36
1
N.S.
-
1982
Year 1
151
103.6
21.69
1
< .0001
1.60
Year 2
106
103.6
.06
1
N.S.
-
Year 3
83
103.6
4.1
1
< .05
.70
Year 4
103
103.6
.01
1
N.S.
-
Year 5
75
103.6
7.90
1
< .01
.97
1992
Year 1
276
184.8
45.01
1
< .0001
1.61
Year 2
196
184.8
.68
1
N.S.
-
Year 3
171
184.8
1.03
1
N.S.
-
Year 4
152
184.8
5.82
1
< .05
.58
Year 5
129
184.8
16.85
1
< .0001
.99
2002
Year 1
234
167.6
26.31
1
< .0001
1.52
Year 2
190
167.6
2.99
1
N.S.
-
Year 3
145
167.6
3.05
1
N.S.
-
Year 4
132
167.6
7.56
1
< .01
.82
Year 5
137
167.6
5.59
1
< .05
.70
2012
Year 1
319
281
5.14
1
< .05
1.02
Year 2
291
281
.36
1
N.S.
-
Year 3
309
281
2.79
1
N.S.
-
Year 4
255
281
2.41
1
N.S.
-
Year 5
231
281
8.90
1
< .01
1.35
2016
Year 1
372
273.4
35.56
1
< .0001
1.48
Year 2
303
273.4
3.20
1
N.S.
-
Year 3
258
273.4
0.87
1
N.S.
-
Year 4
233
273.4
5.97
1
< .05
.61
Year 5
201
273.4
19.17
1
< .0001
1.09
χ² = Chi square; d.f. = Degrees of freedom; p = p-value; N.S. = Non-significant.