| Ahmetov et al., 2015 |
Russian endurance athletes (n= 219; 2 marathon runners), power athletes (n=230), Russian controls (n=192) and European controls (n=1367) |
GWAS |
NFIA-AS2 rs1572312 C/A
TSHR rs7144481 T/C
RBFOX1 rs7191721 G/A |
C alleles of NFIA-AS2 rs1572312 and TSHR rs7144481 associated with elite endurance athlete status including marathon runners. |
| Amir et al., 2007 |
Israeli elite marathon runners (n=79), elite power athletes (n=42) and sedentary controls (n=247) |
Case-control |
ACE I/D rs4646994 |
D allele associated with elite marathon athlete status. |
| Ash et al., 2011 |
Ethiopian elite endurance runners (n=76), demographically matched controls (n=410), controls from general Ethiopian population (n=317), power athletes (n=38) |
Case-control |
ACE
I/D rs4646994;
A22982G rs4363 |
No association with elite Ethiopian runners. |
| Döring et al., 2010 |
Caucasian male elite endurance athletes (n=316; 39 runners) and Caucasian male sedentary controls (n=304) |
Case-control |
HIF1A
Pro582Ser; rs11549465;
C/T rs17099207 G/A; rs1951795 C/A; rs11158358 C/G; rs2301113 A/C; rs11549467 G/A |
Pro582 C allele of rs11549465 and A allele of rs17099207 associated with elite endurance runners. |
| He et al., 2015 |
Chinese elite endurance runners (n=235) and Chinese controls (n=504) |
Case-control |
PPARAGCIα (41 SNPs)
PPARAGCIβ (43 SNPs)
PPRCI1 (4 SNPs); TFAM (3 SNPSs); TFB1M (7 SNPs); TFB2M (3 SNPs); NRF1 (14 SNPs); GABPA (2 SNPs); GABPA (5 SNPs); ERRα (4 SNPs); SIRT1 (7 SNPs) |
No significant association between proliferator-activated receptor γ (PGC)-related genes and elite endurance running status after adjusting for multiple comparisons. |
| Martinez et al., 2009 |
Hispanic marathon runners (n=784; 393 3rd percentile and 388 lowest 3rd percentile finishers) |
Case-control |
AQP1 rs1049305 C/G |
C allele associated with elite performance in Hispanic marathon runners. |
| Myerson et al., 1999 |
Elite runners (n=91; 79 Caucasian) and British controls (n=1906) |
Case-control |
ACE I/D rs1049305 C/G |
I allele positively associated with elite endurance running performance. |
| Papadimitriou et al., 2018 |
1,5k, 3k, 5k, and 42k m running times of 698 male and female Caucasian endurance athletes |
Cohort |
ACTN3 R577X
ACE I/D |
No association between ACTN3 or ACE I/D genotype and running performance at any distance. |
| Posthumus et al., 2011 |
Caucasian male triathlon (incl. 42.2km run) finishers (n=313) |
Cohort |
COL5A1
BstUI RFLP rs12722 T/C |
T allele associated with faster time to complete running component (42.2km) of triathlon. |
| Sawczuk et al., 2013 |
Polish elite endurance athletes (n=123; 12 marathon runners) and sedentary controls (n=228) |
Case-control |
ADRA2A rs553668 C/T |
No association with elite endurance athlete status including marathon runners. |
| Stebbings et al., 2018 |
Male marathon runners (n=141) and recreationally active men (n=137) |
Cohort |
TTN rs10497520 |
TTN gene is associated with shorter skeletal muscle fascicle length and conveys an advantage for marathon running performance in trained men. |
| Tobina et al., 2010 |
Japanese male elite endurance runners (n=37) and non-athlete controls (n=335) |
Case-control |
ACE I/D rs4646994 |
Frequency of the ACE I/D genotype was lower in elite endurance runners than controls. The D allele was associated with faster marathon -running speed. |
| Tsianos et al., 2010 |
Greek Mount Olympus marathon runners (n=438) |
Cohort |
ACTN3 rs1815739
AMPD1 rs17602729
BDKRB2 rs1799722
ADRB2 rs1042713
PPARGC1α rs8192678
PPARα rs4253778; rs6902123
rs1053049; rs2267668
APOE rs7412; rs429358 |
BDKRB2 rs1799722, ADRB2 rs1042713 and AMPD1 rs17602729 associated with endurance running performance. |
| Wolfarth et al., 2008 |
Caucasian male elite endurance athletes (n=316; 39 runners) and sedentary male controls (n=299) |
Case-control |
NOS3 Glu298Asp rsl799983 G/T
(CA)n repeats; 27-bp repeats 4B/4A |
164 bp allele of (CA)n repeats associated with elite endurance runners. |