Table 1. Japanese version of FRAIL scale. FRAIL-J Fatigue In the last 2 weeks have you felt tired without a reason? 1 = Yes, 0 = No. Resistance Do you normally climb stairs without using handrail or wall for support? 0 = Yes, 1 = No. Ambulation By yourself and not using aids, do you have any difficulty walking 1 km without resting? 1 = Yes, 0 = No. Illness The illnesses include hypertension, diabetes, cancer (other than a minor skin cancer), chronic lung disease, heart attack, congestive heart failure, angina, asthma, arthritis, stroke, and kidney disease. The total illnesses (0–11) are recoded as 0–4 = 0 and 5–11 = 1. Loss of weight Unintentional weight loss > 2–3 kg in the past 6 months. 1 = Yes, 0 = No. Frail-J, Japanese FRAIL scale