Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
Boys (n = 125)
Girls (n = 126)
Baseline
(4th grade)
1-year
follow up
(5th grade)
2-year
follow up
(6th grade)
Baseline
(4th grade)
1-year
follow up
(5th grade)
2-year
follow up
(6th grade)
Basic characteristics
Age (years)
†
9.2 ±0.4
10.2 ±0.4
**
11.2 ±0.4
**
9.2 ±0.4
10.2±0.4
**
11.2 ±0.4
**
Height (cm)
†
134.2 ±5.7
138.8 ±6.2
**
145.3 ±7.5
**
133.4 ±7.4
138.9±7.3
**
145.5 ±7.3
**
Body mass (kg)
‡
31.4 ±6.4
34.1 ±7.5
**
38.8 ±9.2
**
30.8 ±6.2
34.7±7.5
**
40.0 ±9.0
**
BMI (kg/m2)
‡
17.4 ±2.8
17.6 ±3.0
18.2 ±3.2
**
17.2 ±2.3
17.8±2.7
**
18.7 ±3.1
**
BMI-SDS
0.27 ±1.22
0.06 ±1.34
**
0.11 ±1.27
0.44 ±1.09
0.39±1.17
0.44 ±1.22
Physical fitness test
Handgrip strength (kg)
‡
14.6 ±3.5
17.1 ±4.4
**
20.0 ±5.3
**
13.9 ±3.1
16.7 ±4.1
**
20.9 ±4.8
**
Standing long jump (cm)
†
143.4 ±20.4
149.0 ±18.8
**
160.1 ±23.6
**
135.0 ±17.1
145.1 ±20.5
**
153.1 ±21.2
**
Bent-leg sit up (times/30s)
†
17.3 ±5.7
19.4 ±5.8
**
19.8 ±6.1
**
16.3 ±5.2
18.0 ±5.4
**
18.9 ±5.3
**
Ball throw (m)
‡
19.3 ±7.3
22.9 ±7.3
**
26.9 ±9.1
**
12.6 ±4.6
16.1 ±5.7
**
17.6 ±6.3
**
50m sprinting (s)
‡
9.8 ±1.1
9.6 ±1.3
**
9.2 ±0.9
**
10.2 ±0.9
9.8 ±1.0
**
9.5 ±1.0
**
Side-step (times/20s)
†
41.0 ±6.5
41.7 ±9.4
47.1 ±7.4
**
39.9 ±5.9
40.9 ±7.5
**
43.2 ±8.1
**
20 m shuttle run (times)
†
40.8 ±21.5
47.0 ±23.8
**
57.7 ±25.5
**
30.6 ±18.2
38.1 ±20.7
**
42.7 ±14.3
**
Sit-and-reach (cm)
†
31.6 ±7.4
29.6 ±7.6
32.6 ±7.0
**
34.9 ±7.5
35.5 ±7.9
39.9 ±6.7
**
Fasting blood lipid concentration
Non-HDL-C (mg/dl)
†
102.0 ±19.9
-
103.9 ±24.9
107.3 ±20.4
-
108.1 ±20.9
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
†
170.5 ±23.5
-
168.4 ±28.5
173.2 ±21.5
-
170.2 ±23.4
Triglyceride (mg/dl)
† †
69.1 ±45.7
-
79.0 ±56.3
**
68.0 ±40.0
-
95.1 ±61.9
**
HDL-C (mg/dl)
†
67.9 ±12.7
-
64.6 ±12.9
**
65.8 ±11.1
-
62.1 ±11.6
**
LDL-C (mg/dl)
†
88.0 ±18.6
-
88.0 ±22.4
93.4 ±17.7
-
88.9 ±20.0
**
BMI: body mass index; BMI-SDS: body mass index-standard deviation score; PF: physical fitness; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
**p < 0.05 (significantly different from baseline).
† One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed.
‡ Friedman’s tests were performed.
† † Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed.