| Average hip flexion (°) # |
10.23 (6.36) |
11.23 (5.06) |
13.21 (5.50) |
5.503 |
0.012 * |
| Average hip abduction (°) |
14.01 (5.73) |
14.00 (4.84) |
17.07 (4.62) |
2.485 |
0.141 |
| Average hip external rotation (°) |
5.63 (12.41) |
6.41 (12.20) |
7.13 (12.74) |
2.514 |
0.104 |
| Maximum hip flexion(°) |
33.04 (8.17) |
34.14 (5.99) |
37.39 (6.97) |
0.236 |
0.792 |
| Maximum hip extension (°) |
5.53 (6.36) |
4.95 (5.17) |
5.54 (5.85) |
4.358 |
0.125 |
| Maximum hip abduction (°) # |
40.30 (4.86) |
42.21 (6.17) |
49.00 (5.53) |
12.987 |
0.000** |
| Minimum hip abduction (°) |
-3.35 (6.02) |
-2.95 (4.96) |
-3.37 (5.78) |
0.137 |
0.872 |
| Maximum hip external rotation (°) |
20.95 (11.55) |
21.65 (12.51) |
23.34 (12.71) |
1.425 |
0.262 |
| Maximum hip internal rotation (°) |
5.61 (14.16) |
3.68 (12.44) |
3.85 (13.45) |
2.067 |
0.150 |
| Hip range of sagittal motion (°) |
38.57 (10.47) |
39.09 (8.67) |
42.93 (8.53) |
3.260 |
0.058 |
| Hip range of frontal motion (°) #† |
43.64 (8.74) |
45.17 (4.01) |
52.37 (4.27) |
12.782 |
0.001** |
| Hip range of horizontal motion (°) |
26.56 (8.33) |
25.32 (8.85) |
27.19 (10.94) |
0.560 |
0.579 |
| Average knee flexion(°) |
31.40 (6.86) |
31.04 (4.73) |
31.22 (4.74) |
0.029 |
0.972 |
| Average knee valgus (°) #† |
0.12 (4.00) |
0.34 (3.44) |
1.66 (3.56) |
8.054 |
0.009** |
| Average knee external rotation (°) |
-7.35 (6.10) |
-6.83 (6.99) |
-6.38 (6.56) |
1.939 |
0.168 |
| Maximum knee flexion (°) |
40.54 (6.86) |
40.92 (7.29) |
41.72 (6.66) |
1.223 |
0.313 |
| Minimum knee flexion (°) |
23.63 (5.04) |
22.81 (4.37) |
19.12 (8.91) |
1.980 |
0.162 |
| Maximum knee valgus (°) #† |
7.57 (4.08) |
8.24 (3.27) |
10.66 (2.87) |
10.160 |
0.003 * |
| Maximum knee varus (°) |
3.97 (4.28) |
4.05 (4.26) |
3.75 (4.64) |
5.05 |
0.610 |
| Maximum knee external rotation (°) |
5.09 (8.44) |
4.80 (10.12) |
6.83 (7.85) |
1.214 |
0.316 |
| Maximum knee internal rotation (°) |
16.63 (5.84) |
16.00 (5.87) |
15.11 (7.23) |
2.464 |
0.108 |
| Knee range of sagittal motion (°) † |
16.91 (5.55) |
18.10 (6.74) |
22.61 (11.52) |
3.783 |
0.039 * |
| Knee range of frontal motion (°) #† |
11.54 (3.61) |
12.29 (3.45) |
14.42 (3.79) |
7.592 |
0.003 * |
| Knee range of horizontal motion (°) |
21.72 (7.46) |
20.81 (8.09) |
21.95 (7.28) |
0.247 |
0.783 |