Table 2. Mean (±SD) descriptive characteristics for chronological age-related anthropometry, body composition, adipokines, and jumping performance data for rhythmic gymnasts and untrained controls.
Age categories (years)
7
8
9
10
11
12
Rhythmic Gymnasts
N
14
31
38
36
27
9
Height (cm)
129.4 ± 4.8
130.7 ± 6.5
134.9 ± 5.3
141.5 ± 6.0
145.5 ± 5.3
151.0 ± 5.4
Body mass (kg)
27.1 ± 3.2
27.0 ± 3.6
29.0 ± 2.9
32.6 ± 3.9
34.8 ± 3.9*
39.8 ± 3.7
Fat mass (kg)
5.0 ± 1.9
4.9 ± 1.9*
5.4 ± 1.6*
6.2 ± 1.8*
6.6 ± 2.1*
8.5 ± 2.4
Fat free mass (kg)
20.6 ± 2.1
20.5 ± 2.3*
22.0 ± 2.1
24.6 ± 2.8*
26.0 ± 2.5
29.1 ± 2.3
Leptin (ng/mL)
2.6 ± 2.1
2.1 ± 1.0*
2.3 ± 1.5*
2.7 ± 1.4*
2.8 ± 1.9*
2.5 ± 0.8*
Adiponectin (μg/mL)
8.8 ± 3.3
9.9 ± 3.3
13.4 ± 7.8
13.6 ± 7.1
12.6 ± 5.4*
15.8 ± 7.3
CMJ (cm)
24.2 ± 2.1
23.7 ± 3.5*
24.2 ± 2.6*
25.9 ± 2.5*
26.1 ± 2.3*
27.6 ± 2.8*
RBJ15s (cm)
20.5 ± 2.3
21.4 ± 2.7*
21.3 ± 2.5*
21.5 ± 2.9*
22.0 ± 2.7*
22.7 ± 2.5*
Untrained Controls
N
4
26
39
38
33
14
Height (cm)
126.9 ± 6.7
128.4 ± 4.5
133.4 ± 5.6
139.2 ± 6.0
146.0 ± 6.9
150.8 ± 6.4
Body mass (kg)
23.6 ± 3.5
27.1 ± 4.1
30.1 ± 4.9
34.3 ± 6.8
39.4 ± 8.2
43.3 ± 10.1
Fat mass (kg)
3.9 ± 1.5
6.2 ± 2.5
7.6 ± 3.0
9.3 ± 4.3
11.3 ± 4.9
12.3 ± 6.1
Fat free mass (kg)
18.3 ± 2.4
19.2 ± 1.7
21.2 ± 2.4
23.2 ± 3.0
26.1 ± 3.9
28.9 ± 4.9
Leptin (ng/mL)
1.7 ± 0.8
3.7 ± 2.3
4.7 ± 2.9
6.3 ± 3.9
7.7 ± 4.2
7.9 ± 4.8
Adiponectin (μg/mL)
10.3 ± 2.2
11.1 ± 4.8
10.7 ± 3.6
11.3 ± 3.5
9.7 ± 4.2
10.3 ± 4.7
CMJ (cm)
19.5 ± 2.4
19.8 ± 2.3
19.5 ± 2.0
21.5 ± 2.3
22.5 ± 2.7
23.0 ± 3.4
RBJ15s (cm)
17.0 ± 2.6
16.7 ± 2.2
16.5 ± 2.5
17.8 ± 2.7
18.8 ± 3.0
18.9 ± 2.3
CMJ, countermovement jump; RBJ15s, rebound jumps for 15 seconds.
*Significant difference between rhythmic gymnasts and untrained controls at the specified chronological age category; p < 0.05.