BEFORE |
Participation rate (%) |
100 (63.6-100) |
94.8 ± 9.8 |
90.9 (72.7-100) |
89.7 ± 8.6 |
91.7 (81.8-100) |
91.3 ± 7.4 |
91.7 (66.7-100) |
89.5 ± 12.1 |
n.s. |
Age* (y) |
69.0 (62.0-74.0) |
68.6 ± 3.5 |
65.5 (60.0-73.0) |
66.1 ± 3.7 |
70.0 (64.0-73.0) |
69.3 ± 4.1 |
65.0 (61.0-72.0) |
65.3 ± 4.2 |
n.s. |
One-leg stand with eyes open (s) |
66.0 (8.9-180.0) |
83.7 ± 56.9 |
75.5 (26.0-180.0) |
93.8 ± 49.3 |
110.5 (7.6-121.0) |
87.4 ± 54.1 |
45.0 (20.0-137.0) |
53.3 ± 33.0 |
n.s. |
Sit and reach (cm) |
44.5 (24.5-54.0) |
41.9 ± 7.5 |
33.3 (22.0-46.0) |
35.0 ± 8.5 |
39.8 (30.0-41.5) |
37.8 ± 5.3 |
39.3 (17.0-52.5) |
36.8 ± 12.4 |
n.s. |
Grip strength (kg) |
24.3 (17.8-32.4) |
25.1 ± 4.3 |
26.1 (15.0-31.5) |
25.3 ± 4.1 |
23.4 (21.3-26.5) |
23.6 ± 2.1 |
25.3 (19.5-28.3) |
24.8 ± 2.9 |
n.s. |
Vertical jump (cm) |
23.0 (17.0-40.0) |
24.6 ± 5.8 |
25.0 (18.0-33.0) |
25.1 ± 3.8 |
24.0 (19.0-30.0) |
24.3 ± 4.8 |
28.0 (19.0-40.0) |
28.2 ± 7.0 |
n.s. |
Functional reach test (cm) |
42.0 (23.0-63.5) |
42.0 ± 10.0 |
40.5 (30.0-65.0) |
41.0 ± 9.1 |
42.8 (38.0-46.7) |
42.6 ± 4.0 |
42.0 (30.0-50.0) |
40.9 ± 5.8 |
n.s. |
Stepping (count) |
32.0 (19.0-70.0) |
34.8 ± 11.1 |
37.5 (23.0-60.0) |
38.0 ± 10.8 |
39.5 (32.0-40.0) |
37.8 ± 3.9 |
33.5 (15.0-61.0) |
34.6 ± 12.1 |
n.s. |
CS-30 (count) |
21.0 (14.0-37.0) |
22.2 ± 5.6 |
22.5 (14.0-41.0) |
23.9 ± 8.4 |
27.5 (16.0-31.0) |
25.5 ± 6.7 |
23.0 (14.0-34.0) |
23.3 ± 6.9 |
n.s. |
Sit-ups (count) |
12.0 (0.0-20.0) |
10.5 ± 5.5 |
8.0 (0.0-33.0) |
8.8 ± 8.7 |
9.0 (6.0-15.0) |
9.8 ± 3.9 |
10.5 (3.0-17.0) |
11.2 ± 4.7 |
n.s. |
Leg strength (kg) |
27.7 (12.3-38.6) |
27.7 ± 7.0 |
29.7 (16.3-41.7) |
29.6 ± 6.9 |
21.2 (15.0-23.5) |
20.2 ± 4.1 |
32.8 (20.9-53.0) |
33.9 ± 11.0 |
n.s. |
10-meter normal walking (s) |
6.8 (5.2-9.8) |
7.0 ± 1.3 |
7.5 (6.1-9.0) |
7.6 ± 0.9 |
6.4 (6.0-6.6) |
6.3 ± 0.2 |
7.5 (6.1-12.0) |
7.9 ± 1.6 |
n.s. |
10-meter fast walking (s) |
5.0 (3.6-7.4) |
5.2 ± 1.0 |
5.1 (3.7-7.8) |
5.3 ± 1.0 |
5.4 (5.0-5.9) |
5.4 ± 0.5 |
5.3 (3.6-6.1) |
5.2 ± 0.7 |
n.s. |
AFTER |
One-leg stand with eyes open (s) |
75.0 (5.0-180.0) |
80.8 ± 48.0 |
82.4 (11.0-180.0) |
96.9 ± 65.4 |
81.0 (45.0-180.0) |
96.8 ± 60.3 |
62.0 (30.0-180.0) |
99.8 ± 69.8 |
n.s. |
Sit and reach (cm) |
42.5 (20.0-56.0) |
42.4 ± 8.9 |
38.5 (24.5-53.5) |
39.1 ± 10.2 |
45.3 (43.0-51.0) |
46.1 ± 3.5 |
38.8 (30.0-55.5) |
39.6 ± 7.3 |
n.s. |
Grip strength (kg) |
25.3 (17.6-31.6) |
24.8 ± 3.8 |
27.3 (17.4-31.6) |
25.8 ± 4.5 |
25.1 (19.5-27.1) |
24.2 ± 3.3 |
26.3 (20.0-29.3) |
25.4 ± 3.0 |
n.s. |
Vertical jump (cm) |
24.0 (18.0-43.0) |
24.7 ± 5.4 |
26.0 (16.0-32.0) |
25.3 ± 4.6 |
26.5 (24.0-30.0) |
26.8 ± 2.5 |
24.5 (15.0-34.0) |
24.6 ± 5.4 |
n.s. |
Functional reach test (cm) |
40.0 (21.0-55.0) |
40.3 ± 8.0 |
43.0 (35.0-60.0) |
43.5 ± 5.9 |
44.0 (28.0-51.5) |
41.9 ± 11.0 |
38.8 (35.0-48.0) |
39.4 ± 4.3 |
n.s. |
Stepping (count) |
36.0 (27.0-46.0) |
36.0 ± 4.7 |
36.0 (28.0-56.0) |
36.7 ± 7.4 |
39.0 (32.0-43.0) |
38.3 ± 4.6 |
36.5 (31.0-44.0) |
36.4 ± 4.6 |
n.s. |
CS-30 (count) |
28.0 (15.0-41.0) |
27.3 ± 6.2 |
31.5 (17.0-37.0) |
29.1 ± 7.8 |
29.5 (20.0-39.0) |
29.5 ± 7.9 |
28.5 (16.0-43.0) |
28.7 ± 6.9 |
n.s. |
Sit-ups (count) |
14.0 (0.0-26.0) |
13.4 ± 6.9 |
10.0 (0.0-33.0) |
11.4 ± 8.2 |
9.0 (6.0-10.0) |
8.5 ± 1.9 |
10.5 (0.0-20.0) |
9.9 ± 7.8 |
n.s. |
Leg strength (kg) |
31.7 (18.1-49.4) |
31.4 ± 8.0 |
31.7 (19.5-45.2) |
31.8 ± 8.4 |
26.4 (21.8-29.9) |
26.1 ± 4.0 |
29.4 (23.8-59.2) |
32.7 ± 10.6 |
n.s. |
10-meter normal walking (s) |
6.3 (4.8-9.0) |
6.6 ± 1.2 |
6.8 (4.9-8.3) |
6.6 ± 0.9 |
5.6 (5.2-5.9) |
5.6 ± 0.3 |
6.3 (4.8-9.1) |
6.8 ± 1.4 |
n.s. |
10-meter fast walking (s) |
4.7 (3.2-6.0) |
4.8 ± 0.6 |
5.1 (3.6-5.6) |
4.8 ± 0.7 |
4.6 (4.2-5.3) |
4.7 ± 0.6 |
5.0 (4.3-5.7) |
5.0 ± 0.5 |
n.s. |