Table 4.
Hierarchical linear regression for the physical activity levels in physical education lessons (N = 79).
Independent variables
Sitting
Standing
MVPA
B
SE B
β
B
SE B
β
B
SE B
β
Step 1: Demographic variables
Sports
0.32
0.09
1.23
***
-0.55
0.13
-1.04
***
0.23
0.11
0.54
*
Class gender
-0.19
0.07
-0.55
**
0.08
0.1
0.11
0.11
0.08
0.20
Teacher gender
0.14
0.07
0.53
*
-0.56
0.1
-1.04
***
0.42
0.08
0.97
***
Venue
0.14
0.03
0.51
***
-0.28
0.05
0.52
***
0.15
0.04
0.33
**
Phase
-0.01
0.02
-0.06
0.01
0.03
0.03
0
0.03
0
Class size
-0.12
0.04
-0.86
**
0.25
0.06
0.88
***
-0.13
0.05
-0.57
*
Attendance
0.09
0.19
0.04
0.76
0.3
0.19
*
-0.87
0.24
-0.26
**
R
.68
.83
.82
Adjusted R
2
.41
.65
.64
F
8.59
***
21.91
***
20.63
***
Step 2: Lesson content
General
0.38
0.12
0.29
**
-0.67
0.19
-0.25
**
0.29
0.16
0.14
Knowledge
0.32
0.11
0.29
**
-0.35
0.16
-0.16
*
0.04
0.14
0.02
Skill practices
-0.18
0.08
-0.25
*
-0.12
0.13
-0.08
0.3
0.11
0.25
**
Game play
-0.08
0.09
-0.11
-0.4
0.14
-0.25
**
0.49
0.11
0.38
***
R
.78
.88
.87
Adjusted R
2
.54
.73
.71
F
9.31
***
20.1
***
18.43
***
∆R2
.15
.08
.08
∆F
6.19
***
6.05
***
5.47
**
Step 3: Teacher involvement
Instructs generally
-0.01
0.16
-0.02
-0.44
0.24
-0.31
0.45
0.2
0.38
*
Manages
-0.02
0.13
-0.02
-0.09
0.19
-0.05
0.1
0.17
0.07
Observes
-0.22
0.15
-0.28
0.19
0.21
0.11
0.03
0.18
0.02
R
.8
.9
.89
Adjusted R
2
.55
.77
.74
F
7.93
***
19.8
***
16.66
***
∆R
2
.03
.05
.03
∆F
1.74
5.11
**
3.29
*
MVPA = moderate to vigorous physical activity; B = unstandardized coefficients beta; SE B = standard Error for the unstandardized coefficients;
β = standardized coefficients beta;
*** p < 0.001;
** p < 0.01;
* p < 0.05.