| Karpinski et al (2020) |
Core strengthening training (6-week)
EG: Core Strengthening Training
CG: Normal Training |
50m FC (s):
EG: 25.24±0.35; 24.94±0.49
CG: 26.82±1.09; 26.64±1.19
Sig. improvement in EG with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES:0.71) |
SL (m):
EG: 1.63±0.15; 1.58±0.16
CG: 1.59±0.06; 1.59±0.08
SR (cycle/s):
EG: 1.02±0.08; 1.03±0.08
CG: 0.97±0.04; 0.97±0.05
No sig. change in SL & SR in EG with trivial to small ES (p>0.05, ES: 0.19-0.36) |
N/A |
| Gourgoulis et al (2019) |
In-water resistance training (11-week)
EG: Resistance training with Water
Parachute
CG: Normal Training |
50m FC (s):
EG: 35.92±1.96; 34.77±2.13
CG: 35.67±3.50; 35.60±3.04
100m FC (s):
EG: 77.73±5.25; 73.75±5.21
CG: 78.00±7.46: 77.10±8.24
200m FC (s):
EG: 172.00±12.98; 159.17±10.68
CG: 171.17±14.47; 170.17±13.75
All had sig change in EG with large ES (p<0.05, ES: 1.09-3.66) |
SL (m):
EG: 1.41±0.19; 1.38±0.18
CG: 1.45±0.15; 1.47±0.18
SR (cycle/s):
EG: 0.94±0.10; 0.98±0.09
CG: 0.91±0.10; 0.89±0.12
No sig. changes in SL & SR (p>0.05)
**Trend of improvement in EG
Mean SV (m/s):
EG: 1.32±0.05; 1.34±0.05
CG: 1.30±0.10; 1.30±0.12
Sig. change with large ES in EG (p<0.01, ES: 2.43) |
N/A |
| Morais et al (2018) |
In-water & dry-land S&C
training (34-week) |
100m FC (s):
Pre: 68.72±5.57; Post: 66.23±5.23
Sig. improved with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES – total
eta-square: 0.56) |
SL (m): 1.69±0.11; 1.70±0.12
No sig changes with moderate ES (p=0.83, ES: 0.40)
SF (Hz): 0.82±0.07; 0.86±0.08
Sig increase with small ES (p=0.04, ES: 0.12)
SV (m/s): 1.39±0.10; 1.44±0.09
Sig. increase with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES: 0.40) |
Throwing Velocity (m/s):
6.58±0.96; 7.20±0.75
Sig improved with moderate ES
(p<0.001, ES: 0.31) |
| Patil et al (2014) |
6-week Core strengthening training
EG: Core Strengthening
CG: Normal Swimming Training |
50m FC Swim (s):
EG: 36.74±6.76; 35.71±6.52
CG: 35.76±4.12; 35.33±4.43
Sig change in EG (p<0.05)
Sig. diff between groups (p<0.05) |
SL (m):
EG: 1.37±0.37; 1.43±0.37
CG: 1.35±0.28; 1.37±0.26
No sig. changes in EG (p>0.05)
SR (cycle/s)
EG: 63.48±11.28; 62.49±9.23
CG: 64.50±9.91; 63.70±7.87
No sig. changes in EG & CG (p>0.05)
SV (m/s):
EG: 1.40±0.22; 1.44±0.23
CG: 1.42±0.16; 1.44±0.18 Sig. change in EG (p<0.05) |
Functional Core Muscle Strength:
EG: 0.67±0.76; 2.53±1.33
CG: 0.67±0.59; 1.03±0.83
Sig. improvement in EG (p<0.05)
Sig. diff between EG & CG (p<0.05) |
| Amaro et al (2017) |
Dry-land S&C training (6-week)
EG1: Sets & Repetitions Training
EG2: Explosiveness Training
CG: Normal Training |
50m FC (s):
EG1: 33.92±1.47; 34.52±1.52
EG2: 33.43±2.83; 32.35±2.36
CG: 33.76±3.14; 33.63±3.71
No sig. change in all groups
after training (p>0.05) |
N/A |
Vertical Jump (cm):
EG1: 25.70±3.29; 29.28±3.06
EG2: 29.70±4.73; 31.85±4.78
CG: 25.44±4.47; 27.32±6.94
Sig. improved in both EGs with moderate ES (p<0.05, ES: 0.487-0.617)
Ball Throwing (m):
EG1: 4.53±0.61; 4.81±0.59
EG2: 4.07±0.54; 4.78±0.49
CG: 3.98±0.89; 4.25±0.78
Sig. improved in EG2 with large ES
(p<0.001, ES: 0.856) |
| Girold et al (2012) |
4-week Dry-land strength or Electrical Stimulation (ES) Training
EG1: Strength Training
EG2: ES Training
CG: Normal Training |
50m FC Swim (Mean
Velocity):
EG1: 2±1.3%
EG2: 1.7±0.5%
CG: Not mentioned
Sig. improved in both EGs (p<0.05)
No sig. diff. between EGs (p>0.05) |
SL (m):
EG1: 2.05±0.01; 2.11±0.01
EG2: 2.12±0.12; 2.17±0.14
CG: 2.08±0.03; 2.10±0.02
Sig. improved in EG1 (p<0.05)
No sig. diff. between groups (p>0.05)
SR (cycle/min):
EG1: 54.7±4.1; 55.9±2.7
EG2: 52.9±3.5; 54.3±2.6
CG: 53.5±2.4; 53.9±2.3
No sig. change in all groups (p>0.05) |
Extension – CON 60°/s & 180°/s:
EG1: 11.2±13.6% (60°/s); 16.9±11.7% (180°/s)
EG2: 14.8±7.2% (60°/s); 13.9±5.6% (180°/s)
CG: 2.2±7.4% (60°/s); 1.2±0.7% (180°/s)
Sig. increase in both EGs (p<0.05)
No sig. diff. between EGs (p>0.05)
Extension – ISO & ECC 60°/s:
EG1: 2.7±2.1% (ISO); 4.6±6.1% (ECC)
EG2: 13.5±10.9% (ISO); 22.9±6.6% (ECC)
CG: 1.6±0.9% (ISO); 6.1±1.5% (ECC)
Sig. change in EG2 (p<0.05) |
| Sadowski et al (2012) |
6-week dry-land power training
EG: Power Training with
Ergometer
CG: Normal Training |
25m FC Swim (SV):
EG: +1.30% (p>0.05)
CG: +1.16% (p>0.05)
No sig. improvement in both groups |
SF (1/min):
EG: -4.30% (p>0.05)
CG: +6.28% (p>0.05)
-Sig. diff. between groups after
6-week (8.92%, p<0.03)
Distance Per Stroke:
EG: +5.98% (p>0.05)
CG: -5.36% (p>0.05)
Sig. diff. between groups after 6-week (32.34%, p<0.001) |
Isometric Shoulder Strength Test
(Shoulder Flexion):
EG: +5.34% (p>0.05)
CG: +5.69% (p>0.05)
No sig. improvement in both groups (p>0.05)
Tethered Swimming Force (N):
EG: +9.64% (p<0.02)
CG: +2.86% (p>0.05)
Sig. improvement in EG, but not CG |
| Girold et al (2006) |
3-week Resisted or Assisted
sprint training
EG1: Resisted Training
EG2: Assisted Training
CG: Normal Training |
100m FC Swim (s):
EG1: 67.43±4.40; 66.05±4.00
EG2: 62.46±5.32; 61.9±4.85
CG: 68.15±6.18; 68.35±5.91
Sig. improvement in both EGs (p<0.05) |
SR (cycle/min):
EG1: 42.32±4.98; 43.01±3.91
EG2: 41.92±2.75; 43.47±3.11
CG: 43.50±4.92; 42.2±3.56
Sig. increase in both EGs in 2nd 50m (p<0.05) |
Extensor – ISO
Sig. change in EG1 (p<0.05)
Flexor – CON 60°/s
Sig. change in EG1 (p<0.05)
Flexor – CON 180°/s
Sig. change in both EGs (p<0.05) |
| Garrido et al (2010) |
8-week combined strength and aerobic training
EG: Strength Training
CG: Normal Training |
25m FC Swim (SV):
EG: +4.45% (p<0.01)
CG: NR (p>0.05)
50m FC Swim (SV):
EG: +1.94% (p<0.01)
CG: +1.88% (p<0.05)
No sig. differences between groups
More improvement in EG |
Active Drag (N) & Drag Coefficients:
EG: No sig. change after 8-week (p>0.05)
CG: No sig. change after 8-week (p>0.05) |
CMJ (cm):
EG: Sig. increased (p<0.01)
CG: Decreased (p-value: NR)
No sig. diff. between groups after 8-week
Ball Throwing Distance (m):
EG: 1kg: p<0.05; 3kg: p<0.01
CG: No sig. change
No sig. diff. between groups
6RM Bench Press:
EG: +43% (p<0.01); CG: +15% (p<0.05) More improvement in EG
6RM Leg Extension:
EG: NR (p<0.01); CG: NR (p<0.05) More improvement in EG |
| Aspenes et al (2009) |
11-week combined Strength
and endurance training
EG: Maximal Strength and
Endurance Training
CG: Normal Training |
50m FC Swim (s):
EG: 28.88±2.00; 28.55±1.80
CG: 29.35±1.72; 29.16±1.76
No sig changes in both groups
(EG: p=0.11; CG: NR)
100m FC Swim (s):
EG: 63.00±4.12; 62.05±3.82
CG: 64.08±4.18; 64.06±4.80
No sig changes in both groups
(EG: p=0.12; CG: NR)
400m FC Swim (s):
EG: 290.43±16.26;286.43±16.64
CG: 290.08±16.20; 290.40±18.24
Sig changes in EG (p<0.05) |
SL (m):
EG: 1.68±0.17; 1.73±0.16
CG: 1.74±0.13; 1.80±0.15
SR (Hz):
EG: 0.953±0.090; 0.930±0.074
CG: 0.885±0.078; 0.872±0.078
Maximum SV (m/s):
EG: 1.59±0.11; 1.60±0.10
CG: 1.53±0.08; 1.56±0.07
**25m sprint
No sig. change in any strokes
kinematics parameters (p>0.05) |
Bilateral Shoulder Extension Measurement
EG: 318.8±89.8; 383.5±89.3
CG: 277.9±44.2; 310.7±56.2
Sig change in EG (p<0.01) & CG (p<0.05)
Sig diff. between groups (p<0.05)
Tethered Swimming Force (N):
EG: 124.9±23.2; 133.5±21.9
CG: 114.4±17.3; 118.1±18.3
Sig change in EG (p<0.01)
Sig higher in EG than CG after training (p<0.05) |
Girold et al
(2007) |
12-week Dry-land strength
training OR resisted & assisted training (RAS)
EG1: Strength Training
EG2: RAS Training
CG: Normal Training |
50m FC Swim:
EG1: 2.8±2.5%
EG2: 2.3±1.3%
CG: 0.9±1.2%
Sig. improvement in both EGs (p<0.05) |
SL (m):
EG1: 1.61±0.11; 1.59±0.09
EG2: 1.58±0.08; 1.56±0.09
CG: 1.56±0.09; 1.56±0.08
No sig. changes in all groups (p>0.05)
SR (cycle/min):
EG1 48.9±4.98; 50.7±3.71
EG2: 48.2±3.5; 49.5±3.4
CG: 47.8±3.7; 48.7±3.7
Sig. increased in EG2 and CG (p<0.05)
No sig. change in EG1 (p>0.05) |
Flexors - ISO:
Sig. increase in both EGs (p<0.05)
Flexors – CON 60°/s:
Sig increase in EG2 (p<0.05)
Extensors – CON 60°/s & 180°/s:
Sig. increase in both EGs (p<0.05) |