Table 3. Mean (SD) for trunk muscles directed co-contraction ratios for males vs. females and 30° vs. 60° cutting angles.
Males
Females
Sex effect
Angle effect
Sex × Angle
30°
60°
30°
60°
p
η2p
p
η2p
p
η2p
Trunk flexors PRE
0.40 (0.38)
0.32 (0.25)
0.56 (0.21)
0.41 (0.27)
†
0.26
0.06
<0.01
0.27
0.39
0.04
Trunk flexors WA
0.25 (0.33)
0.28 (0.25)
0.19 (0.27)
0.20 (0.31)
0.51
0.02
0.65
0.01
0.78
<0.01
Trunk medial flexors PRE
0.00 (0.43)
0.36 (0.39)
0.05 (0.40)
0.29 (0.34)
†
0.92
<0.01
<0.001
0.49
0.42
0.03
Trunk medial flexors WA
0.56 (0.21)
0.49 (0.26)
0.33 (0.34)
0.44 (0.29)
‡
0.21
0.07
0.64
0.01
0.04
0.18
Trunk left rotators PRE
-0.03 (0.46)
-0.38 (0.41)
-0.05 (0.44)
-0.32 (0.42)
†
0.88
<0.01
<0.001
0.46
0.54
0.02
Trunk left rotators WA
-0.47 (0.25)
-0.46 (0.31)
-0.25 (0.51)
-0.45 (0.34)
0.43
0.03
0.07
0.15
0.06
0.16
PRE and WA represent the pre-activation and weight acceptance phases, respectively. Main and interaction effects are reported using p values (p) and effect size (a²p).
† expresses a significant difference between 30° and 60° (main effect of cutting angle).
‡ expresses a significant sex t cutting angle interaction. No main effect of sex was reported