Table 3.
Comparison of peak elbow and shoulder torques (Nm) across the three kinematic sequence patterns.
KS Pattern
Elbow Valgus
Shoulder External Rotation
Shoulder Extension
12344- Proximal to Distal KS (N=14)
49.79 ± 13.75
52.63 ± 14.37
55.99 ± 15.00
12354- Altered Distal Arm KS (N=28)
54.86 ± 19.53
59.13 ± 22.03
68.07 ± 29.04
12453- Altered Proximal Arm KS (N=15)
65.29 ± 8.82
70.43 ± 11.01
87.77 ± 18.48
Total (N=57)
56.36 ± 16.75
60.51 ± 18.84
70.29 ± 26.06
Differences across kinematic sequences
p < 0.00
p < 0.00
p < 0.00