Table 1. Participant characteristics including trunk rotational strength measures.
Variables Sprinters Hurdlers
    n 10 (2F) 11 (7F)
    Age (years) 20.4 (± 1.9) 20 (± 1.2)
    Height (m) 1.82 (± 0.05) 1.73 (± 0.10)
    Weight (kg) 73.9 (± 5.6) 67.6 (± 12.0)
    BMI 22.4 22.7
Average right trunk rotation strength (kg) 32.4 (± 6.1) *
p < 0.001; d = 0.721
27.7 (± 9.4) *
p < 0.001; d = 0.404
Average left trunk rotation strength (kg) 28.0 ± (8.0) 23.9 (± 7.2)
Front Foot in Starting Block Right (n = 2) Left (n = 8) Right (n = 5) Left (n = 6)
Leading Leg (Hurdlers Only) Right (n = 8) Left (n = 3)
Data are mean (± standard deviation) within-group. Following mean (± standard deviation) are p-values and Cohen’s d effect size for statistically significant values.
*Right trunk rotation is significantly greater than left.