Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Type of turn

ANOVA

BU to BA turn

BA to BR turn

BR to FR turn

F-value

P-value

_pη²

100 m IM

5 m in

fastest

2.38 ± 0.08

3.24 ± 0.17 ^BU/BA

3.08 ± 0.11 ^BU/BA

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 4

0.04

0.10

slowest

2.64 ± 0.14

3.04 ± 0.26 ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

3.33 ± 0.23 ^BU/BA

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 75

< 0.001

0.78

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 9

< 0.001

0.29

5 m out

fastest

2.48 ± 0.11

1.70 ± 0.10 * ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

2.51 ± 0.09

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 77

< 0.001

0.65

slowest

2.75 ± 0.16

2.63 ± 0.39

2.79 ± 0.14

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 30

< 0.001

0.59

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 15

< 0.001

0.41

10 m out

fastest

4.97 ± 0.12 *

4.70 ± 0.33 *

5.09 ± 0.12 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 167

< 0.001

0.80

slowest

5.64 ± 0.25

6.25 ± 0.35

5.63 ± 0.21

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 2

n.s.

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 20

< 0.001

0.49

Total turn time

fastest

7.34 ± 0.14 *

7.94 ± 0.42 * ^BU/BA

8.17 ± 0.15 * ^BU/BA

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 160

< 0.001

0.79

slowest

8.28 ± 0.25

9.29 ± 0.27 ^BU/BA

8.96 ± 0.35 ^BU/BA

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 41

< 0.001

0.66

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 4

0.02

0.17

200 m IM

5 m in

fastest

2.62 ± 0.14

2.93 ± 0.06 * ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

3.29 ± 0.05 * ^BU/BA

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 78

< 0.001

0.65

slowest

2.79 ± 0.12

3.23 ± 0.14 ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

3.72 ± 0.15 ^BU/BA

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 186

< 0.001

0.90

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 5

0.02

0.18

5 m out

fastest

2.61 ± 0.11 *

2.55 ± 0.14 *

2.71 ± 0.12

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 55

< 0.001

0.57

slowest

2.87 ± 0.15

2.98 ± 0.18

2.92 ± 0.10

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 1

n.s.

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 3

n.s.

10 m out

fastest

5.22 ± 0.16 *

5.77 ± 0.40 * ^BU/BA

5.52 ± 0.15 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 112

< 0.001

0.73

slowest

5.96 ± 0.22

6.76 ± 0.20 ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

5.93 ± 0.16

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 38

< 0.001

0.64

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 6

< 0.01

0.23

Total turn time

fastest

7.84 ± 0.24 *

8.70 ± 0.41 * ^BU/BA

8.81 ± 0.17 * ^BU/BA

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 175

< 0.001

0.81

slowest

8.75 ± 0.30

9.99 ± 0.21 ^BU/BA

9.65 ± 0.19 ^BU/BA

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 75

< 0.001

0.78

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 3

n.s.

400 m IM

5 m in

fastest

2.94 ± 0.08

3.24 ± 0.23 ^BU/BA

3.44 ± 0.12 * ^BU/BA

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 32

< 0.001

0.43

slowest

3.03 ± 0.1

3.39 ± 0.09 ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

3.90 ± 0.16 ^BU/BA

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 94

< 0.001

0.82

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 8

< 0.01

0.27

5 m out

fastest

2.89 ± 0.15

2.76 ± 0.31

2.87 ± 0.13

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 9

< 0.01

0.18

slowest

3.01 ± 0.18

3.01 ± 0.26

3.03 ± 0.12

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 1

n.s.

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 0

n.s.

10 m out

fastest

6.00 ± 0.23

6.32 ± 0.39 ^BR/FR

5.80 ± 0.22

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 17

< 0.001

0.29

slowest

6.25 ± 0.30

6.72 ± 0.16 ^{BU/BA, BR/FR}

6.07 ± 0.21

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 21

< 0.001

0.50

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 0

n.s.

Total turn time

fastest

8.95 ± 0.22

9.56 ± 0.45 * ^BU/BA

9.24 ± 0.21 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 42)} = 40

< 0.001

0.49

slowest

9.29 ± 0.32

10.11 ± 0.17 ^BU/BA

9.97 ± 0.31 ^BU/BA

(b)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 25

< 0.001

0.54

(c)

F_{(2 | 42)} = 2

n.s.

IM: Individual Medley, BU: Butterfly, BA: Backstroke, BR: Breaststroke, FR Freestyle, n.s.: not significant. (a) Main effect group: fastest vs. slowest swimmers (b) Main effect type of turn: BU to BA turn vs. BA to BR turn vs. BR to FR turn (c) Interaction effect: group x type of turn Post-hoc comparisons: